Definition List Term 1

electronegativity - the tendency of atoms in a molecule to attract a shared pair of electrons

intermolecular forces - the forces between molecules

valence electrons - the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

covalent bond - a sharing of atleast one pair of electrons by two non-metal atoms

bond energy - energy required to completely seperate two covalently bonded atoms

bond length - distance between the nuclei of two covalently bonded atoms

pure covalent (non-polar) - equal sharing of electrons

polar covalent - unequal sharing causing dipole

dipole moment - measure of the polarity of a bond

dative covalent - A dative covalent bond is a bond that is formed by the overlapping of orbitals and the sharing of an electron pair both of which belong to one atom

closed chemical system - closed system containing only reactants and products

chemical thermodynamics - study of energy changes in chemical systems

enthalpy - a measure of the internal energy of the system

activated complex - unstable transition state from reactants to products

reactants - a starting material in a chemical reaction

products - a substance formed in a chemical reaction

exothermic reaction - energy (in the form of heat and light) is released in a chemical reaction

endothermic - energy is absorbed in a chemical reaction

activation energy - minimum energy required to get a reaction to start

enthalpy change - amount of energy (heat) absorbed or released in a chemical reaction

viscosity - resistance of a liquid to flow

evaporation - change of liquid to a vapour below its boiling point