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PLTW - IED EOC Review Terms

Innovation & Invention

  • Innovation: Improving an existing technology.
  • Invention: Creating a completely new product or process.

Design Process

  • Design Brief: A written plan that identifies a problem, criteria, and constraints.
  • Design Process: A problem-solving strategy to develop and narrow down solutions.

Technical Drawings & Sketching

  • Construction Line: Thin lines used as guides.
  • Hidden Line: Represents a non-visible edge.
  • Object Line: Heavy, solid line representing the outline of an object.
  • Isometric Sketch: Pictorial sketch with 120-degree angles between axes.
  • Oblique Sketch: Flat front with depth lines at an angle (typically 45 degrees).
  • Perspective Sketch: Uses vanishing points for depth and distortion.
  • Orthographic Projection: Representing 3D objects on a 2D plane.
  • Multiview Drawings: Views of an object projected onto multiple orthographic planes.
  • Technical Working Drawing: Shows material, size, and shape for manufacturing.

Lines & Dimensions

  • Dimension Lines: Thin lines with arrowheads indicating measurements.
  • Extension Lines: Thin lines establishing the extent of a dimension.
  • Break Line: A line used to interrupt a drawing if an object won't fit on a drawing sheet.
  • Cutting Plane Line: Indicates where a cut was made for a sectional view.
  • Section Lines: Represent material cut through in a sectional view.
  • Phantom Line: Shows alternate positions of an object.

Standards & Organizations

  • ANSI: American National Standards Institute, coordinates voluntary standards.
  • ISO: International Organization for Standardization, develops technical standards.
  • ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, sets codes and standards.

Mathematical Concepts

  • Mean: Average value.
  • Median: Middle value in a sorted set.
  • Mode: Most frequent value.

CAD & Modeling

  • Numeric Constraint: A number value or equation controlling geometric figure size/location.
  • Geometric Constraint: Non-numerical relationships between parts (e.g., parallelism).
  • Revolution: Creating a 3D shape by revolving a 2D shape around an axis.
  • Degree of Freedom: Variables by which an object can move (6 total).

Models & Prototypes

  • Model: Representation of an object or design.
  • Mock-up: Appearance model for instructional or experimental purposes.
  • Prototype: Full-scale working model for testing.
  • Scale Model: Enlarged or reduced representation for study.

Manufacturing Features

  • Counterbore: Cylindrical recess for a bolt head or nut.
  • Countersink: Conical recess for a tapered screw.
  • Blind Hole: A hole that doesn't go through the workpiece.
  • Tap: To cut internal threads.
  • Spotface: Shallow recess for a fastener bearing surface.

Drawings & Assemblies

  • Assembly Drawing: Shows parts assembled.
  • Exploded Assembly: Parts shown out of position for clarity.
  • Detail Drawing: Dimensioned drawing of a single part.
  • Parts List: List of materials/parts (Bill of Materials - BOM).
  • Working Drawings: Information needed to manufacture and assemble a design.

General Concepts

  • Tolerance: Permissible variation in dimension.
  • Auxiliary View: Orthographic view from a non-standard direction.
  • Sectional View: Shows the interior of an object as if cut.
  • Surface Area: The sum of all the areas of all the faces or surfaces that enclose a solid.
  • Volume: Amount of space occupied.
  • Annotate: Add explanatory notes.

Fluid Power

  • Fluid Power: Energy transmitted by pressurized fluid.
  • Hydraulics: Fluid power using pressurized liquid.
  • Pneumatics: Fluid power using compressed gas.

Design Considerations

  • Aesthetic: Concerned with beauty and appearance.
  • Ergonomics: Designing for safe and efficient human interaction.

Processes

  • Reverse Engineering: Analyzing a product to understand its function.

Workplace Safety

  • OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Project Management

  • Product lifecycle: Stages from concept to withdrawal.
  • Gantt Chart: Time and activity bar chart for planning.
  • Decision Matrix: A tool for systematically ranking alternatives according to a set of criteria.

Teamwork

  • Norms: Principles guiding group behavior.
  • Synergy: Team is stronger than individual members.
  • Mechanism: An assembly of moving parts completing a functional motion.