history notes

Problems:

-              The colonies might want to become independent of the mother county

-              This is what happened to Spain

-              By the 1820s, many of the Spanish colonies in Latin America were independent

Revenue (income), Expenditure (spending). Prussia became Germany in 1871.

British Colonies:

-              The original 13 colonies of Great Britian were…

1770 massacre. 1773 protest against tea.

“No taxation without representation” i.e. in the parliament of Westminster in London, the capital of Great Britian.

1776 declaration of American Independence. The Patriot. (movie)

Imperialism = Empire.

Mercantilism versus Free Trade

Simon Bolivar

Mercantilism = Economic Nationalism

The mother county benefitted from its colonies e.g. Great Britain and its colonies, India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa

Jack 10

Elizabeth 11

Liberty (freedom), Equality and Fraternity

The slogan of the French Revolution in 1789.  1794 – the Reign of Terror

Robespierre.

1794-99

Capitalism and the Free Market. Comparative Advantage.

Napoleon Bonuqurte 1799-1815

Even until 1870, most of Africa was unknown to Europe. One man changed this in 1841  

David Livingstone: 1813-1873 the 3 C’s Christianity commerce civilisation

Social Darwinism: others took Darwin’s theory of the survival of the fittest and applied it in a racist way. Namely to justify imperialism.

Students will understand why Europe colonized Africa after 1870

The Suez Canal opened in 1879

Henry Morton Stanley undertook a major expedition across Africa between 1874-1877

From 1879-1884 he led an expedition on behalf of King Leopold of Belgium

 The Congo: given the lack of British interest in the Congo, Stanley worked for the King of Belgium, King Leopold II. Between 1879 and 1884, Stanley explored more of the Congo basin.

What did Leopold say motivated him to explore the Congo?

The king's stated goal was to bring civilization to the people of the Congothanks, an enormous region in Central Africa. (Believing one people is more civilized than another is wrong.) Leopold's reign over the Congo Free State, however, has become infamous for its brutality (https://tinyurl.com/3dmjfswm)

What did he actually do once he controlled the Congo?

How much did Leopold know of the atrocities in the Congo?

Germany: the architect of Germany’s unification in 1871 was Otto von Bismarck. The iron chancellor (aka prime minister)

Berlin Conference: in 1884, Bismarck organised a conference in the German capital, Berlin, to discuss the future of Africa, especially the Congo

Source analysis:

1.        What does the cake resent? It represents Africa and then cutting it evenly between them

2.        Who do you think the man holding the knife might be? Where do you think he is from? German, or French, being held in France

3.        Who is not represented at the table? The African’s

4.        What is the main message of the cartoon? That people are deciding the future of a country without asking those living there.

The Rhodes Scholarship:

The Rhodes Scholarship is a merit-based scholarship that funds international students to study at Oxford University. It's one of the world's most competitive scholarships

What it does

-              Funds full-time graduate study for two to three years

-              Covers university and college fees, application fees, living expenses, health insurance, and airfare

-              Includes programming for scholars, such as retreats, speaker events, internships, and workshops

Who it's for

-              Talented young people from around the world

-              People with outstanding intellect, character, leadership, and commitment to service

Selection criteria

-              Academic excellence

-              Energy to use talents to the full

-              Truth, courage, devotion to duty, and sympathy for the weak

-              Moral force of character and instincts to lead

-              Diversity of background

History

-              The first Rhodes Scholarship was awarded in 1902

-              Women were accepted as candidates in 1976

-              In 2018, the scholarships were opened to students of all nations

Notable Rhodes Scholars

-              Bill Bradley, former President Bill Clinton, songwriter Kris Kristofferson, and Maryland Gov. Wes Moore

POLITICIAN: he formed the British south Africa company. he used his mining interests to facilitate British rule to the north of south Africa. He named Rhodesia after himself.

In 1892, Rhodes had a plan to build a railway and telegraph line from cape town to Cario.