Modern trends generally seem to be moving away from publishing novellas. Novellas are more commonly published as eBooks in specific genres, especially romance, sci-fi, and fantasy.

Poetry

Poetry (from the Greek word poiesis, " making ") is a form of literary art that uses

aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to,

or place of, literal or surface-level meanings.

Any particular instance of poetry is called a poem and is written by a poet.

Poetry is a vast subject, as old as history and older, present wherever religion is

present, possibly—under some definitions—the primal and primary form of languages

themselves.

Poetry is the other way of using language. Perhaps in some hypothetical

beginning of things it was the only way of using language or simply was language tout

court, prose being the derivative and younger rival.

It is written in lines and stanzas, not sentences and paragraphs

It focuses on emotion

It uses figurative language

Poetry is a special genre. It is not fiction or nonfiction

Fiction

-Not real

-Created by imagination

-Tells a story

Nonfiction

-100% Factual

-Shares information

-Has text features that help readers understand information

Sonnets

Sonnet, fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of 14 lines that are typically five-foot

iambics rhyming according to a prescribed scheme.

Ballad

Ballad, short narrative folk song, whose distinctive style crystallized in Europe in the late Middle Ages and persists to the present day in communities where literacy, urban contacts, and mass media have little affected the habit of folk singing. The term ballad is also applied to any narrative composition suitable for singing.

Ballads are normally composed in two kinds of stanzas; the first consists of a couplet of lines each with four stressed syllables, and with an interwoven refrain

Elegy

An elegy is a poetic form wherein the speaker expresses grief or sadness due to a loss. The poet focuses on sorrow and lamentation, and some elegies include the concepts of redemption and solace. Typical elegies are written in quatrains in iambic pentameter with an ABAB rhyme scheme

Epic

Epic poetry is a narrative style that recounts a heroic and lofty tale. Elements of epic

poetry include length, formal language, and an emphasis on the deeds of historical

figures characterize these poems.

Epics frequently delve into the interplay between heroes, the divine, deity, bravery, and

Destiny

Ode

Ode, ceremonious poem on an occasion of public or private dignity in which personal

emotion and general meditation are united.

An ode is a form of lyric poetry that is written in celebration, dedication,

appreciation, or reflection of something. Odes are almost always written about a

significant event, or someone or something that the poet admires.

Expository Text

Informational Text

Shares facts about a topic

Biography

Based on a real person's life

Figurative Language- language that has meaning beyond the literal meaning

Simile-A simile is a figure of speech that is mainly used to compare two or more things that

possess a similar quality. It uses words such as ‘like’ or ‘as’ to make the comparison

Metaphor-A metaphor is a figure of speech that is used to make a comparison, but in a way different from a simile. Instead, it makes the description of an object look as if it was literally true. In other words, it can be said that a metaphor is an implied comparison. It makes a comparison between things or ideas that are generally unlike.
Personification-Personification is a figure of speech that is used to attribute human characteristics to something that is not human. It can also be used to personify an abstract quality.
Apostrophe- is a figure of speech that is used to address someone who is absent or already dead. It can also be used to address an abstract quality or idea, and even a non-living object.
Alliteration-uses similar phonetic sounds in continuity to make an effect. This device is usually used to decorate the words with a musical, lyrical or emotional effect.
Assonance-characterized by the use of words having similar vowel sounds consecutively. It can be said to be a variation of alliteration.
Hyperbole-rhetorical device that is mainly used to make something look and sound a lot better than it actually is. In other words, it can be said to be a form of exaggeration
Euphemism-refers to those words or a phrase that can be used to convey something unpleasant, sad or considered taboo. It is the art of communicating something in a less annoying and much lighter tone or in an indirect manner
Oxymoron-It uses two opposite or contradictory terms one after the other in order to project an effect. According to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, oxymoron is defined as “a phrase that combines two words that seem to be the opposite of each other. ” The Cambridge Dictionary defines an oxymoron as “two words or phrases used together that have, or seem to have, opposite meanings. ”
Metonymy-Is formed by the use of a term (the name of an object or an idea) to substitute another term that is closely related to the thing or idea. According to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, the term ‘metonymy’ is defined as “the act of referring to something by the name of something else that is closely connected with it” , and according to the Collins Dictionary, it is defined as “the substitution of a word referring to an attribute for the thing that is meant” .
Synecdoche-makes use of a term that refers to a part of something to substitute for the whole thing. According to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, the term ‘synecdoche’ is defined as “a word or phrase in which a part of something is used to represent a whole, or a whole is used to represent a part of something”, and according to the Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms, ‘synecdoche’ is defined as “a figure of speech by which a more comprehensive term is used for a less comprehensive or vice versa, as whole for part or part for whole” .

Characters-important element of fiction. Without a central character, there is no story. The goal of the fiction writer is to create characters that are likeable and memorable. Characters are the heart of a story—they bring it to life.

Setting-it is the world where the characters live, breathe, and experience their journey. It sets the mood, influences the plot, and shapes the characters’ actions and decisions

Plot-(aka narrative arc) is what happens in the story. The classic plot structure has a beginning, a middle, and an end. The way the pages unfold from the first page to last can be out of order chronologically as to what happens in the story

Exposition – Introduces characters, setting, and initial

conflict.

Rising Action – Develops the conflict, building tension.

Climax – The turning point of the story.

Falling Action – Events that unfold after the climax, leading

toward resolution.

Resolution (Denouement) – Concludes the story,

resolving conflicts.

Point of View (POV) is the perspective from which a story is told. It determines how much the reader knows about the characters and events. The three main types of POV are:

First-person—The narrator is a character in the story who uses "I" or "we" (e.g., "I walked down the street").

Third-Person Limited – The narrator is outside the story but focuses on the thoughts and feelings of only one character.

Third-Person Omniscient – The narrator knows everything about all characters, including their thoughts and emotions