FinoPlast-Capstone-paper

FinoPlast: The Effectiveness of Milkfish Bones and Scales for Bioplastic Production

Page 1

• Title: FinoPlast: The Effectiveness of Milkfish Bones and Scales for Bioplastic Production

• Presented to: Faculty of Senior High School Department, Jesus Is Lord Colleges Foundation, Inc.

• Purpose: This research is presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the academic track Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM).

• Institution Address: 101 Bunlo, Bocaue, Bulacan

Page 2 - Chapter 1: The Problem and its Background

Introduction

• The Milkfish, locally known as bangus and scientifically classified as Chanos chanos, is popular in the Philippines.

• Habitat: Can be cultivated in brackish, marine, and freshwater environments.

• Historical Production: The Philippines was the leading producer from 2001-2009, surpassed by Indonesia in 2010.

• Waste Issues: The processing generates substantial waste, especially bones and scales, contributing significantly to environmental pollution.

• Recent Research: Fish bones contain gelatin, a natural polymer with strong film-forming properties, making them a potential raw material for bioplastics.

• Gelatin: Commonly used in food packaging due to its protective qualities against moisture and gases, and now gaining prominence as an alternative to synthetic plastics.

Page 3

Bioplastic Overview

• Definition: Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biological resources rather than petroleum.

• Types: Can be produced from plant sugars (e.g., polylactic acids - PLAs) or from microorganisms (e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates - PHAs).

• Sustainability: Bioplastics reduce fossil fuel reliance, offer eco-friendly disposal methods, and have less toxic production techniques.

• Need for Alternatives: Rising plastic pollution emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable solutions like bioplastics from milkfish bones.

Page 4

Environmental Impact of Plastics

• Issues: Plastic pollution is escalating due to the production of disposable products, overwhelming waste management.

• Statistics: Over 280 million tons of plastic waste generated yearly with a very low recycling rate.

• Pollution Sources: Developing nations struggle with waste management, resulting in extensive plastic pollution in natural waterways.

Page 5

Significance of the Study

• Beneficiaries of the Study:

  • Senior High School Students: Encourages analytical thinking regarding sustainable practices.

  • Teachers: Assists in developing relevant teaching materials concerning bioplastics and sustainability.

  • Future Researchers: Provides data and references for further studies on bioplastic alternatives.

  • Ecological Advocates and Policymakers: Strengthens initiatives for reducing plastic waste.

Page 6

Theoretical Framework

• Addressing carbon emissions and pollution: Emphasis on finding eco-friendly, biodegradable material alternatives like fish waste-derived gelatin-based bioplastics.

• Gelatin's capabilities: Noted for exceptional film-forming potential, it’s suitable in applications requiring transparent and flexible materials.

Page 7

Enhancements and Ingredients

• Pectin and Glycerol Usage:

  • Pectin: Enhances viscosity and durability of bioplastics.

  • Glycerol: Acts as a plasticizer, improving flexibility and tensile strength while delaying the transition of the bioplastic during production.

• Focus on milkfish bones and scales as gelatin sources, integrating findings from other studies to support production innovations.

Page 8

Conceptual Framework

• Visualization of research input-output variables (not provided).

Page 9 - Statement of the Problem

• Research Goals: Evaluate:

  1. Water resistance

  2. Tensile strength

  3. Effectiveness of Finoplast as a bioplastic.

Page 10

Hypothesis

• Finoplast: Proposed to be a sustainable replacement for standard plastics, exhibiting superior performance in strength and biodegradability.

Page 11

Scope and Delimitation

• Focus: Investigate milkfish bones as sources of sustainable bioplastics, specifically examining mechanical strength and biodegradability under set laboratory conditions.

Page 12

Definitions of Terms

• Bioplastics: Derived from renewable materials.

• Gelatin: A polymeric ingredient integral to production.

• Organic waste: Potential resources if managed effectively.

• Biodegradable material: Decomposes under natural conditions.

Page 13 - Chapter II: Review of Related Literature

Bioplastics Characteristics

• Derived from renewable sources (plants) vs. petroleum-based alternatives.

• Breakdown process depends on environmental factors; can significantly reduce environmental footprints.

• Advantages: Biodegradability within months versus years for conventional plastics.

Page 14

Mechanical Performance of Bioplastics

• Bioplastics can meet or exceed mechanical properties of traditional materials, useful for packaging solutions.

Page 15

• Adoption Barriers: Limited market share and environmental concerns about food crop competition.

Page 16

Current Biowaste Management Strategies

• Importance: Separate collection and management of biowaste to convert it into valuable products.

Page 17

Technological Improvements in Waste Management

• Utilization of IoT and AI for effective waste monitoring and management.

Page 18

Alternative Eco-Friendly Materials

• Rising awareness and actions to combat pollution sourced from plastics.

Page 19

• Fish Industry Waste Utilization: Eco-friendly solutions derived from fish processing waste materials.

Page 20

Biopolymers Introduction

• Biopolymers: Sourced from biological organisms, alternatives to synthetic polymers.

Page 21

Research Innovations and Findings

• Potential applications for biopolymers in various sectors,

• Focus on development of new eco-friendly alternatives.

Pages 22-72: Detailed Research Methodology, Product Development, Project Evaluation, Costing, and Future Directions

• Methodology includes material preparation, testing, evaluations focused on Finoplast’s properties.

• Analysis of product cost and potential market applications, emphasizing environmental impacts and opportunities for improvement and further research.

• Evaluation and projections underline Finoplast as a promising bioplastic solution with ongoing research needed to address scalability and durability issues.