FinoPlast-Capstone-paper
FinoPlast: The Effectiveness of Milkfish Bones and Scales for Bioplastic Production
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Title: FinoPlast: The Effectiveness of Milkfish Bones and Scales for Bioplastic Production
Presented to: Faculty of Senior High School Department, Jesus Is Lord Colleges Foundation, Inc.
Purpose: This research is presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the academic track Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM).
Institution Address: 101 Bunlo, Bocaue, Bulacan
Page 2 - Chapter 1: The Problem and its Background
Introduction
The Milkfish, locally known as bangus and scientifically classified as Chanos chanos, is popular in the Philippines.
Habitat: Can be cultivated in brackish, marine, and freshwater environments.
Historical Production: The Philippines was the leading producer from 2001-2009, surpassed by Indonesia in 2010.
Waste Issues: The processing generates substantial waste, especially bones and scales, contributing significantly to environmental pollution.
Recent Research: Fish bones contain gelatin, a natural polymer with strong film-forming properties, making them a potential raw material for bioplastics.
Gelatin: Commonly used in food packaging due to its protective qualities against moisture and gases, and now gaining prominence as an alternative to synthetic plastics.
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Bioplastic Overview
Definition: Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biological resources rather than petroleum.
Types: Can be produced from plant sugars (e.g., polylactic acids - PLAs) or from microorganisms (e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates - PHAs).
Sustainability: Bioplastics reduce fossil fuel reliance, offer eco-friendly disposal methods, and have less toxic production techniques.
Need for Alternatives: Rising plastic pollution emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable solutions like bioplastics from milkfish bones.
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Environmental Impact of Plastics
Issues: Plastic pollution is escalating due to the production of disposable products, overwhelming waste management.
Statistics: Over 280 million tons of plastic waste generated yearly with a very low recycling rate.
Pollution Sources: Developing nations struggle with waste management, resulting in extensive plastic pollution in natural waterways.
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Significance of the Study
Beneficiaries of the Study:
Senior High School Students: Encourages analytical thinking regarding sustainable practices.
Teachers: Assists in developing relevant teaching materials concerning bioplastics and sustainability.
Future Researchers: Provides data and references for further studies on bioplastic alternatives.
Ecological Advocates and Policymakers: Strengthens initiatives for reducing plastic waste.
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Theoretical Framework
Addressing carbon emissions and pollution: Emphasis on finding eco-friendly, biodegradable material alternatives like fish waste-derived gelatin-based bioplastics.
Gelatin's capabilities: Noted for exceptional film-forming potential, it’s suitable in applications requiring transparent and flexible materials.
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Enhancements and Ingredients
Pectin and Glycerol Usage:
Pectin: Enhances viscosity and durability of bioplastics.
Glycerol: Acts as a plasticizer, improving flexibility and tensile strength while delaying the transition of the bioplastic during production.
Focus on milkfish bones and scales as gelatin sources, integrating findings from other studies to support production innovations.
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Conceptual Framework
Visualization of research input-output variables (not provided).
Page 9 - Statement of the Problem
Research Goals: Evaluate:
Water resistance
Tensile strength
Effectiveness of Finoplast as a bioplastic.
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Hypothesis
Finoplast: Proposed to be a sustainable replacement for standard plastics, exhibiting superior performance in strength and biodegradability.
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Scope and Delimitation
Focus: Investigate milkfish bones as sources of sustainable bioplastics, specifically examining mechanical strength and biodegradability under set laboratory conditions.
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Definitions of Terms
Bioplastics: Derived from renewable materials.
Gelatin: A polymeric ingredient integral to production.
Organic waste: Potential resources if managed effectively.
Biodegradable material: Decomposes under natural conditions.
Page 13 - Chapter II: Review of Related Literature
Bioplastics Characteristics
Derived from renewable sources (plants) vs. petroleum-based alternatives.
Breakdown process depends on environmental factors; can significantly reduce environmental footprints.
Advantages: Biodegradability within months versus years for conventional plastics.
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Mechanical Performance of Bioplastics
Bioplastics can meet or exceed mechanical properties of traditional materials, useful for packaging solutions.
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Adoption Barriers: Limited market share and environmental concerns about food crop competition.
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Current Biowaste Management Strategies
Importance: Separate collection and management of biowaste to convert it into valuable products.
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Technological Improvements in Waste Management
Utilization of IoT and AI for effective waste monitoring and management.
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Alternative Eco-Friendly Materials
Rising awareness and actions to combat pollution sourced from plastics.
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Fish Industry Waste Utilization: Eco-friendly solutions derived from fish processing waste materials.
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Biopolymers Introduction
Biopolymers: Sourced from biological organisms, alternatives to synthetic polymers.
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Research Innovations and Findings
Potential applications for biopolymers in various sectors,
Focus on development of new eco-friendly alternatives.
Pages 22-72: Detailed Research Methodology, Product Development, Project Evaluation, Costing, and Future Directions
Methodology includes material preparation, testing, evaluations focused on Finoplast’s properties.
Analysis of product cost and potential market applications, emphasizing environmental impacts and opportunities for improvement and further research.
Evaluation and projections underline Finoplast as a promising bioplastic solution with ongoing research needed to address scalability and durability issues.