1.3 intro to macromolecules

Monomers have important properties

• Monomers are chemical subunits used to create polymers

• Polymer is a macromolecule made of many monomers

• a covalent bond is formed between two interacting monomers

• monomers have specific chemical properties that allow them to interact with one another

• Polymers are specific to the monomers they consist of 

Dehydration synthesis reactions with covalent bonds 

• dehydration synthesis reactions are used to create macromolecules

• The subcomponents of a water molecule are removed from interacting monomers and a covalent bond forms between them

• the h and oh join together to form a molecule of water, water is a byproduct of this reaction

Hydrolysis Reactions cleave covalent bonds

• Polymers are hydrolyzed (broken down) into monomers during a hydrolysis reaction

• Covalent bonds between the monomers are broken during a hydrolysis reaction

• A water molecule is hydrolyzed into sub components and each subcomponent is added to a different monomer

A dehydration synthesis creates carbohydrates

• Carbohydrate monomers have hydroxides and hydrogen atoms attached

• One monomer will lose an entire hydroxide while the other monomer will only lose the hydrogen from the hydroxide 

• a covalent bond will form from the hydroxide and hydrogen atom were removed

• The hydroxide (oh) and hydrogen (h) join forming a water molecule

proteins can undergo hydrolysis reactions

• covalent bonds between amino acids can be cleaved

• a water molecule is hydrolyzed and each subcomponent of water will be bonded to different amino acids

• the result is separate amino acid monomers

key takeaways

1. all monomers contaIn carbon and are used to build biological macromolecules

2. covalent bonds are used to connect monomers together

3. Dehydration synthesis reactions are used to create biological macromolecules and water is a additional product

4. hydrolysis reactions use water to break down biological macromolecules