Emotional Regulation/Development

Effortful Control: The capacity to voluntarily regulate attention and behaviours when responding to challenging stimuli

Inhibitory control: suppression of a dominant/preferred response in favor of an acceptable response

Parental emotional regulation: Parents emotional regulation plays a major role on the childs. Things like, Parents' depression or anxiety, Resilience to distress and their emotional expressivity affect this.

Tmprement: A person’s intensity of reactivity and regulation of emotions, activity, and attention

Easy (40%): Positive, regular, adaptive

Difficult (10%): Active, irregular, slow to adapt React negatively (e.g., kicking or screaming) 

Slow-to-warm-up (15%): Moody, inactive, Slow to adapt and withdrawn (e.g., look away)

What are the 6 dimensions of temperament (Rothbart and Bates:) activity, positive effect, fear, distress to limitations, soothability, Attention

What are the 3 components of temperament (Rothbart and Bates): Negative reactivity (indexes infants fear, sadness frustration) Surgency (Measures an infants activity level and intensity of pleasure) Orienting regulation (refers to an infant's ability to regulate attention toward goals and away from distressing situations)

Adult personality: OCEAN, Openness to experience, conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism (Some of the components of temperaments in kids correlate with these) 

Goodness of fit model (Thomas and Chess):

Compatibility between temperament and social environment (Parent supporting child's temperament style)

Attachment: an emotional bond with a specific person that is enduring across

space and time.

Ethological approach: Born to love. Attachment is inborn and adaptive for infants 

Imprinting: Innate and instictual form of learning, occurs during a critical period when the ducklings or kids are vulnerable.

Monkey love study (Harlow and zimmerman): Took monkeys away from their mothers and replaced their mothers with cloth mother and a machine mother for food. The baby monkeys chose the cloth for warmth.

Strange situation procedure (Ainsworth): Assesing attachment styles through various scenarios such as caregivers leaving, reentering, babies being left with strangers ect.

Secure attachment (62%-68%): When mom leaves they get upset, then when mom comes back they are happy

Insecure Avoidant (15%): don't become distressed when caregiver leaves, and explores space freely, looks like they don't care about those who care for them.

Insecure resistant (9%): Upset and anxious when mother leaves the room, additionally they don't like to explore far from caregiver

Disorganised/Disoriented (15%): they want to get affection but are reluctant or scared to.

Moral Goodness: Feelings of concern for others and attempts to help individuals in need. (A natural tendency to prosocial behavior

Helper hinder paradigm: They like people/characters that are cooperative, empathetic and helpful as opposed to to those who are uncooperative, unsympathetic and unhelpful

Moral retribution: the tendency to punish those who misbehave very prominent in their 2 year of life

Aggression: 18 months = physical aggression, 3 years =relational aggression, ignoring or excluding a peer, threatening to withdraw friendship

Instrumental aggression: Harm is a means

to achieve a specific goal (mainly in toddlers)

Hostile aggression: Actions with the

intention to harm (increase in toddlers before

decline in young children)

Relational aggression: Non-physical

aggression (i.e., hurting social relationships or

status). (Continues throughout childhood and

adolescence)

Negative emotions: Anger and fear get progressively more intense from months 4-16 and its thought that the emotion of fear comes from evolution

5 features of Emotions: Emotion elicitors/triggers, Physiological changes, Cognitive appraisal, Emotional expression, Communicative function

Primary/Basic emotions (birth or 1st year): happiness, fear, anger, sadness,

surprise, and disgust.

Secondary/complex emotions (2ed year) Self-conscious emotions:

Embarrassment, pride, guilt, and shame