Class 3- Antropometry

Overview of Anthropometry

• Anthropometry Definition: The study of human body measurements, particularly on a comparative basis.

• Purpose: Valuable for assessing nutritional status and developmental milestones in populations, notably children and athletes.

Key Measurements

• Anthropometric Measurements: Invasive quantitative measurements of the body including:

  • Height

  • Weight

  • Head circumference

  • Body Mass Index (BMI)

  • Body circumferences (waist, hip, limbs)

  • Skinfold thickness

• Importance:

  • Diagnostic criteria for obesity.

  • Helps assess risk for health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes.

  • Portable, applicable, inexpensive, and non-invasive.

Special Considerations

• Abnormal Measurements: In pediatric populations indicate the need for further evaluation.

• Athlete Assessment:

  • Body composition evaluation to enhance performance.

  • Helps in identifying issues like eating disorders.

  • Drives fitness programs improving cardiorespiratory strength.

• Pregnant Women: Assess nutritional status and body composition.

Measurement Standards

• Standard Ranges for Indicators:

  • Weight-for-length: 45 to 110 cm

  • Weight-for-height: 65 to 120 cm

  • Multiple measurements for BMI, head circumference, arm circumference, and skinfolds for age.

Measurement Procedures

• Equipment Calibration: Regular calibration essential for accuracy.

• Training: Personnel should adhere to recommended protocols and standardizations.

• Child Measurement Protocol:

  • For children under 24 months: recumbent length measurement

  • For 24 months and older: standing height

  • Record if the child has edema.

• Re-measure Extreme Values: Any extreme results trigger immediate re-measurement.

Motor Development Milestones

• Gross Motor Milestones: Important in tracking child development

  • Sitting without support

  • Standing with assistance

  • Hands-and-knees crawling

  • Walking with assistance

  • Standing alone

  • Walking alone

Data Entry in Growth Assessment

• Weight Measurements: In kilograms with two decimal points; length and height in centimeters.

• Indicators for Children: Length for children under 2; height for 2 and older.

Percentiles and Z-scores

• Classification System: z-scores for nutritional status evaluation.

• Cut-off Lines for Classification:

  • Weight-for-age, length/height-for-age, various fat measurements.

  • Percentile classifications 3rd, 15th, 50th, 85th, 97th.

Graphing Results

• Visualization: Graphing assists in visualizing growth against standard curves and discussing outcomes with caregivers.

• Indicators Visualized: Weight-for-length, length-for-age, etc., structured based on WHO standards.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

• Definition: Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.

• Purpose: Screening for body fatness but not a direct measure of health.

• Age Considerations: BMI-for-age important for children.

Ideal Body Weight (IBW)

• Calculations for IBW:

  • Men: 50kg + 2.3kg for each inch over 5 feet.

  • Women: 45.5kg + 2.3kg for each inch over 5 feet.

Adjusted Body Weight (AjBW)

• Purpose: Used for nutritional requirements, particularly when overweight.

• Calculation: AjBW = IBW + 0.4(ABW - IBW)

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

• Definition: Energy expenditure at rest over 24 hours.

• Calculating BMR:

  • Men: BMR = 10xweight + 6.25xheight – 5xage + 5

  • Women: BMR = 10xweight + 6.25xheight – 5xage - 161

Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)

• Determination: Includes BMR, physical activity, stress, and temperature factors.

• Activity Levels: Defined from bed-ridden to heavily active, each with respective values for calculations.

Conclusion

• Anthropometric data provides critical insights for health assessment across various demographics.