2024_-_USHC_-_Unit_3_Teacher_Presentation

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• United States History

  • Unit 3

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• Unit 1

  • Civil War

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• Identify the key causes of the Civil War.

  • Slavery

  • Sectionalism

  • States' rights

• Causes of the Civil War

  • Economy

    • The southern economy depended heavily on cotton and, consequently, on slave labor.

  • States' Rights vs. Federal Rights

    • Southern states sought the ability to nullify federal laws.

  • Election of Abraham Lincoln

    • Lincoln won the North while his opponent won the South, leading to divisions in the country.

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• Identify the key causes of the Civil War:

  • Slavery

  • Sectionalism

  • States' rights

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• 1864 Nevada admitted to the Union.

• The Union and the Confederacy

  • United States of America

    • Free state vs. Slave state

  • Political boundaries of 1861

    • Eleven slave states seceded to form the Confederate States of America.

    • Four slave states remained in the Union, which helped save Washington, D.C. from isolation.

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• Identify the advantages of the Union during the Civil War.

  • Most of the nation’s railroad lines located in the North

  • Most factories located in the North

  • Balanced economy between industry and agriculture

  • Financial resources (money)

  • Existing government and military structure

  • Two-thirds of the nation’s population lived in the North

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• Union vs. Confederacy

  • Advantages of the Union:

    • Railroads

    • Industry

    • Balanced economy

    • Money

    • Existing government and military

    • Dominant population

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• Identify the advantages of the Confederacy during the Civil War.

  • Most of the nation’s best-trained officers were from the South

  • Cotton wealth for military supplies

  • Only needed to avoid defeat, not win; fighting on familiar territory

  • Fight to preserve their way of life and self-government

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• Union vs. Confederacy

  • Advantages of the Confederacy:

    • Best-trained officers

    • Cotton wealth

    • Defensive war strategy

    • Familiar territory

    • Cultural motivation to preserve their way of life

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• Union and Confederate Resources

  • Union had better resources to sustain conflict compared to the Confederacy, which had more experienced troops.

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• Explain the Union military strategy during the Civil War.

  • Anaconda Plan:

    • Blockade of South's ports to prevent trade

    • Gain control of the Mississippi River to split the Confederacy

    • Seize the capital of Richmond

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• Military Strategy of the Civil War

  • Union:

    • Anaconda Plan: Blockade, control Mississippi, capture Richmond

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• Explain the Confederate military strategy during the Civil War.

  • Defensive War

  • Hope that the North would tire of conflict and allow them to go in peace

  • Any abandonment of this strategy harmed the Confederate chances of success

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• Military Strategy of the Civil War

  • Confederacy:

    • Defensive tactics, waiting for Northern exhaustion

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• Pop Quiz Time!!!

  • How did General Winfield Scott's "Anaconda Plan" propose to defeat the Confederacy?

    • c. Using superior federal resources to isolate and economically cripple the South

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• What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

  • Issued by President Lincoln to free slaves in Confederate-held territory (January 1, 1863)

  • Did not apply to border states or places under Union control

  • Did not end slavery in the U.S.

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• Emancipation Proclamation

  • Freed slaves in Confederate territory but not in the Union

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• Explain the impact of the Emancipation Proclamation on the Civil War.

  • Provided moral purpose (i.e., ending slavery)

  • Prevented European aid to the Confederacy due to moral stance against slavery

  • Inspired African Americans to support the Union war effort

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• Impact of the Emancipation Proclamation

  • Gave moral purpose

  • Ensured European neutrality

  • Inspired African American involvement in the Union

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• Pop Quiz Time!!!

  • What effect did the Emancipation Proclamation have on the Civil War?

    • b. Changed the war's focus to ending slavery

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• Explain the role of African Americans in the war effort during the Civil War.

  • After Emancipation Proclamation, nearly 180,000 African Americans joined the Union Army (10% of total)

  • Mainly served in support roles (cooking, logistics)

  • Faced poor supplies, served in segregated units, paid less than white soldiers

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• Role of African Americans in the War Effort

  • Segregated units

  • Poor training, equipment, and pay

  • Non-combat roles predominated

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• Explain the concept of total war.

  • Military approach not only targeting enemy troops but also civilian infrastructure and economic resources that support them

  • Employed by Union generals to weaken enemy resolve and capabilities

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• Concept of Total War

  • Strategy targeting not just military targets but economic resources crucial to the enemy's war effort

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• Explain the significance of the Attack on Fort Sumter.

  • Confederate forces fired at Fort Sumter in 1861, provoking the Civil War

  • Southern states had seized federal forts, believed to be under protection

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• Significant Events of the Civil War

  • Attack on Fort Sumter

  • Battle of Bull Run

  • Battle of Vicksburg

  • Battle of Gettysburg

  • Gettysburg Address

  • Attack on Fort Wagner

  • Sherman’s March to the Sea

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• Explain the significance of the Battle of Bull Run.

  • First major battle of the Civil War

  • Initial Union success fell to a Confederate victory

  • Sparked awareness that the war would be lengthy and complex

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• Significant Events of the Civil War

  • (Repeated list)

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• Explain the significance of the Battle of Vicksburg.

  • Key victory for Gen. Grant, giving Union control over Mississippi River and splitting Confederacy (July 1863)

  • Fulfilled objective of the Anaconda Plan

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• Significant Events of the Civil War

  • (Repeated list)

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• Explain the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg.

  • Major battle lasting three days in Pennsylvania, leading to high casualties

  • Strategic Union victory; turning point preventing further Confederate invasions of the North

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• Significant Events of the Civil War

  • (Repeated list)

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• What was the Gettysburg Address?

  • Lincoln's speech reaffirming the war's purpose: preserving the Union and ensuring freedom, equality, and self-government

  • Provided a vision for a renewed nation

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• THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS

  • Lincoln’s dedication speech for the Soldiers' National Cemetery

  • Emphasized liberty, equality, and government of the people

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• Significant Events of the Civil War

  • (Repeated list)

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• Explain the significance of the Attack on Fort Wagner.

  • Union attack led by the 54th Massachusetts Regiment

  • Although a defeat, highlighted the courage of African American troops and challenged stereotypes about their capabilities

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• Significant Events of the Civil War

  • (Repeated list)

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• Explain the significance of Sherman’s March to the Sea.

  • In 1864, Sherman’s troops destroyed everything from Atlanta to Savannah

  • Aimed at demoralizing Southern populace and breaking Confederate spirit

  • Continued into the Carolinas post-conflict

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• Significant Events of the Civil War

  • (Repeated list)

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• Pop Quiz Time!!!

  • What factor ultimately gave the Union the advantage needed to defeat the Confederacy?

    • c. Larger population and production capabilities

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• What was the lasting impact of the Civil War?

  • Helped cement federal authority; individual states could not secede

  • Sectional differences remained but threats of secession unlikely post-war

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• Explain the lasting impact of the Civil War.

  • Established federal government supremacy over states

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• Pop Quiz Time!!!

  • What impact did the outcome of the Civil War have on states' rights?

    • c. Ended the idea of constitutional secession

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• Section 2

  • Reconstruction

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• What was the purpose of Reconstruction?

  • To restore southern states to the Union post-war (1865-1877)

  • Goal: Southern acceptance of war outcomes and liberation of slaves

  • Not aimed at rebuilding the South; that was viewed as a local responsibility

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• Explain the goal of Reconstruction.

  • Full political reestablishment of Southern states in the Union

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• Pop Quiz Time!!!

  • Main goal of Reconstruction was to re-establish Southern participation in the Union

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• What were Black Codes?

  • Laws restricting African American rights post-Civil War

  • Replaced former slave codes

  • Examples include curfews, vagrancy laws, and land restrictions

  • Led to Congressional punishment of the South

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• What were Black Codes?

  • Laws limiting African American freedoms post-Civil War

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• What was the Ku Klux Klan (KKK)?

  • Founded by ex-Confederates to eliminate the Republican Party in the South

  • Used intimidation against both white and black Republican voters

  • Long-term goal to maintain African American submissiveness

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• Explain the intent behind the creation of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK).

  • Eliminate the Republican Party and keep African Americans in a submissive societal role

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• What was the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871?

  • Legislation aimed to end extralegal violence and protect African American rights

  • Authorized presidential intervention against states denying civil rights

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• What was the Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871?

  • Legislation designed to reduce violence against African Americans and protect their civil rights

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• What was the Freedman’s Bureau?

  • Established in 1865 to provide relief for displaced individuals (both black and white) post-Civil War

  • Services included food, clothing, healthcare, and education

  • Important for African American educational opportunities

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• What was the Freedman's Bureau?

  • Agency to assist individuals displaced by the Civil War

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• Notable lasting achievement:

  • Education for African Americans

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• Reconstruction Amendments

  • What was the 13th Amendment?

    • Ended slavery in the United States

    • Section 1: slavery or involuntary servitude shall not exist, except as punishment for crime

    • Section 2: Congress can enforce this

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• Reconstruction Amendments

  • 13th Amendment: Ended slavery

  • 14th Amendment & 15th Amendment:

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• Reconstruction Amendments

  • What was the 14th Amendment?

    • Guaranteed