• Evolution - the theory that organisms change structurally and genetically over time, resulting in the gradual development of new species

• Artifacts- an object of historical interest that has been produced or shaped by human craft

• Anthropomorphic- giving human attributes to animals

• Nature- the influence of inherited biological characteristics on human behaviour

• Nurture- the purpose of training and influencing a child through learning

• Ethnocentrism- the tendency to judge other cultures by one’s own values

• Economy- the wealth and resources of a community, the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services

• foraging- searching for food

• capitalism- —a system in which individuals own property and the means to produce and distribute goods and services; people work and compete for the purpose of generating a profit

• communism- a system in which the community owns property and the means to produce and distribute goods and services; people contribute according to their abilities and receive according to their needs

• mass media- a means of communication (usually television, radio, or newspapers) to a large number of people

• Cult - a religious organization that tends to worship its leader and remain outside the cultural traditions of society

• Social - living together in organized communities

• Social Class - groups of people who are ranked according to certain economic, social, or cultural characteristics

• Subjectively Interpret - explain meaning based on personal experience or views 

• Informant - a confidential source of information 

• Stereotypes - perceptions based on preconceived standardized ideas

• Socialization - the process by which people learn the accepted ways of behaving in a particular society

• Agent of Socialization - the types of social contacts or influences people experience

• Values - principles or standards considered worthwhile or desirable

• Internalize - incorporate into one's own set of values, attitudes, and beliefs

• Psychoanalysis - a process by which patients discuss their background, feelings, and experiences with a trained psychologist

• Defense Mechanism - unconscious mental processes used to protect the ego against anxiety, shame, or other unacceptable feelings or thoughts

• Needs - physiological or psychological requirements for one’s well-being; conditions for being motivated to act

• Hierarchy - a ranking of people, items, or ideas in order of dominance of priority

• Syndrome - a group of symptoms that consistently occur together

• Adrenaline - a hormone affecting circulation; muscular action, causing excitement; stimulation

• Bipolar - demonstrating two extreme and apposite forms of behavior

• Repressed - excluded from the conscious mind

• Apathetic - having or showing no interest or emotion

• Delusions - false beliefs, often of one’s importance or of being persecuted

• Withdrawl - the process of discontinuing an addictive substance, often accomplished by uncomfortable, painful, and sometimes life-threatening physical and physiological reactions

• Paranoia - a mental illness characterized by unwarranted feelings of persecution and jealousy

• Behavior Therapy - the treatment of inappropriate or distressing behavior patterns through the use of basic learning principles 

• Social Group - refers to two or more people who interact with each other and are aware of having something in common

• Crowd - simply a collection of people who have come together for a specific purpose Ex,. travel, downtown, concert

• Social Group - refers to two or more people who interact with each other and are aware of having something in common

• Crowd - simply a collection of people who have come together for a specific purpose  Ex,. travel, downtown, concert

• Primary Gorups - a small group whose members have personal, often emotional, relationships with each other

• Secondary Groups - are more interpersonal and formal than primary groups. Members generally have temporary and short-term relationships  Ex. school, athletic team, 

• Judge each other by what they can do and offer

• Social Category - has one thing in common but unaware in a personal sense 

Ex. teenager, female, unemployed, teacher, student

• Norm - the rules within a group that indicate how members should behave

• Normal behavior in that group (acting differently with friends and family)

• Roles - A named social position that includes expected behaviors 

• Asking to go to the bathroom in school

• Sanction - the means by which the group rewards or punishes members to control their behavior 

• “I like your shirt”; encouraging and manipulating behavior

• Conformity - changing opinions or behaviors to match those of another person or group

• Obedience - following the direct request of another

• Clique - an exclusive group that includes a small number of chosen members 

• Social loafing - when an individual’s effort is less as a member of a group than when alone

• Social facilitation - when the presence of others improves an individual's performance

• More people to blame: diffusion of responsibility

• The task should be simple and well-learned otherwise it diminishes

• Improves simple or well-learned tasks. It inhibits complex tasks that are not well-learned

• Localized - in one place

• Dispersed - scattered, spread over a wide area

• Hysteria - excessive and uncontrollable emotion

• Cult - a group, usually with religious or spiritual beliefs, that is organized around a charismatic leader

• Manipulated - skillfully managed for a particular purpose 

• Propaganda - systematic efforts to influence public opinion, often through lies or distorted information

• Hysteria - excessive and uncontrollable emotion

• Culminated - reached a point of intensity and competition

• Panic is more localized (ex when a bar burns down and panic in that area)

• Mass hysteria - is like when it became the year 2000 or alien invasionPrimary Gorups - a small group whose members have personal, often emotional, relationships with each other

• Secondary Groups - are more interpersonal and formal than primary groups. Members generally have temporary and short-term relationships  Ex. school, athletic team, 

Judge each other by what they can do and offer

• Social Category - has one thing in common but unaware in a personal sense   Ex. teenager, female, unemployed, teacher, student

• Norm - the rules within a group that indicate how members should behave

• Normal behavior in that group (acting differently with friends and family)

• Roles - A named social position that includes expected behaviors 

• Asking to go to the bathroom in school

• Sanction - the means by which the group rewards or punishes members to control their behavior 

• “I like your shirt”; encouraging and manipulating behavior

• Conformity - changing opinions or behaviors to match those of another person or group

• Obedience - following the direct request of another

• Clique - an exclusive group that includes a small number of chosen members 

• Social loafing - when an individual’s effort is less as a member of a group than when alone

• Social facilitation - when the presence of others improves an individual's performance

• More people to blame: diffusion of responsibility

• The task should be simple and well-learned otherwise it diminishes

• Improves simple or well-learned tasks. It inhibits complex tasks that are not well-learned

• Localized - in one place

• Dispersed - scattered, spread over a wide area

• Hysteria - excessive and uncontrollable emotion

• Cult - a group, usually with religious or spiritual beliefs, that is organized around a charismatic leader

• Manipulated - skillfully managed for a particular purpose 

• Propaganda - systematic efforts to influence public opinion, often through lies or distorted information

• Hysteria - excessive and uncontrollable emotion

• Culminated - reached a point of intensity and competition

• Panic is more localized (ex when a bar burns down and panic in that area)

• Mass hysteria - is like when it became the year 2000 or alien invasion