Untitled Flashcards Set

Behavior

outward or overt actions and reactions (visible)

Mental Processes

internal, covert activity of our minds (hidden) that influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Structuralism

the structure of the mind and the consciousness of the mind (awareness)

Functionalism

focused on behavior in addition to the mind or consciousness

Behaviorism

behaviors are acquired through conditioning

Mastered (1)

You've been getting these terms right!

Select this one

Psychology

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Not studied (53)

You haven't studied these terms yet!

Select these 53

Psychoanalysis

aims to explore and understand the unconscious mind

Humanism

stresses on human capacity for self-fulfillment, roles of consciousness, self-awareness, and decision making

Cognitive

behaviorism cannot explain everything

Nervous System Divisions

central and peripheral

Hindbrain

when the spinal cord meets the brain (medulla, pons, cerebellum)

Forebrain

largest and most complex brain region does higher functions (cerebrum and thalamus)

Midbrain

part where the hindbrain and forebrain meet (controls basic functions like movement, hearing, vision)

Limbic System

a group of several brain structures located under the cortex and involved in learning, emotion, memory, and motivation

Absolute Threshold

the minimum intensity of stimulation that must occur before you experience a sensation

Conductive Deafness

due to damage of the middle ear (hearing aids)

Sensorineural Deafness

damage to inner ear and auditory nerve (cochlear implants may help)

Basic Tastes

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, brothy, 'oleogustus'

Sensation

detection of external stimuli

Perception

detection of external stimuli

Consciousness

a person's awareness

Waking Consciousness

state in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized and the person feels alert

Altered State of Consciousness

state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity

Consequences of Lack of Sleep

increased tension, irritability, depression, confusion, reduced life satisfaction

Functions of Sleep

rejuvenates the body, helps one recover from stress, helps consolidate learning, promotes development

Dreaming

memory consolidation and mood regulation, process a little like overnight therapy

Differences in Dreaming by Gender

Boys- outdoor and unfamiliar settings, weapons, and sexual dreams with unknown partners; Girls- people they know, personal appearance, issues

Substance Use

act of consuming substances

Substance Abuse

someone uses these substances in a harmful way

Dependence upon Drugs

when a person's body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug

Stimulant

drugs that raise your nervous system

Depressant

drugs that lower your nervous system

Learning

relatively permanent change in behavior, knowledge, skills or attitude that results from experience

Behaviorist Perspective of Learning

think about behavioral change

Cognitive Perspective of Learning

think about how we think, process, and store information

Classical Conditioning in Learning

learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that naturally produces a behavior

Extinction in Learning

process by which stimuli lose their ability to evoke learned responses

Spontaneous Recovery in Learning

recurrence of an extinguished response as a function of time

Taste Aversion in Learning

a type of learning that occurs when a person associates a taste with a negative experience and avoids that taste in the future

Flooding in Learning

exposing people to their fear in a controlled environment

Operant Conditioning in Learning

organisms learn to do things, or avoid doing things because of the consequences of their behavior

The Law of Effect

a principle that says behaviors are more likely to be repeated if they have positive outcomes

Shaping in Learning

technique used in operant conditioning to gradually reinforce behaviors that get closer to a desired behavior

Behavior Modification in Learning

reinforce positive behavior or extinguish negative behavior by ignoring it

Programmed Learning

does not punish errors, instead rewards correct responses

Observational Learning

when you learn by watching others

Kinds of Memory

explicit and implicit

Explicit Memory

the ability to consciously recall events, ideas, and concepts that have happened in a person's life

Implicit Memory

type of memory that is expressed unconsciously or automatically

Retrospective Memory

ability to recall events or information from the past

Prospective Memory

ability to remember to perform an action or recall an intention in the future

Iconic Memory

a short-term memory that stores visual information for a few milliseconds after a visual image has disappeared

Echoic Memory

sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of auditory stimuli

The Serial-Position Effect

a cognitive bias that describes how people tend to remember the first and last items in a list than the middle items

Elaborative Rehearsal

memories endure when information is processed deeply

Thinking

the mental process of actively processing information, forming concepts, reasoning, making decisions, and manipulating ideas within the mind

Cognition

mental activity involved in understanding, processing, and communicating information

Problem Solving

a mental process that involves discovering, analyzing and solving problems

Seven Steps to Problem Solving

understanding or defining the problem, setting a realistic achievable goal or goals, generating multiple solutions, evaluating the pros and cons of each possible solution, selecting a promising solution, implementing a plan of action to test the solution, evaluating the result (was the problem solved)