CF

Chapter 2 Test Study Guide

Chapter 2 Test Study Guide Checklist

A. c.2: Comunicacion, p.38-42

  • Be able to:

    • Express age in Spanish using the verb "tener" with numbers.

    • Respond in Spanish to the question "Where are you (tú/Usted) going?"

    • Respond in Spanish to the question "What do you (tú/Usted) like?"

    • Use "por eso" (that is why) to respond to logical scenarios: Example: “Estoy cansado, por eso voy a la cama.”

B. c.2: Vocabulario, p.43-48

  • Be able to:

    • Identify and use descriptive adjectives to describe physical characteristics of things and people, as well as personality traits.

    • Use appropriate adjectives to describe hair and eye color (p.45).

    • Answer the questions "¿Cómo es?" (What is it like?) and "¿Cómo son?" (What are they like?) using descriptive adjectives.

    • Use the verb "ser" to state the nationalities associated with select countries in Latin America (p.48).

    • Use colors presented in Chapter 1 to describe national flags.

C. c.2: Estructura 1. Adjective Agreement with GENDER & NUMBER, p.49-52

Adjective Agreement

  • Distinguish between adjectives that:

    • End in "o" or "a" (the majority),

    • End in "e"

    • End in a consonant.

  • Remember:

    • Colors are adjectives and must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.

    • Adjectives ending in "o" or "a":

    • Must agree in GENDER with the noun/person they refer to.

    • Must agree in NUMBER with the noun/person they modify (add an "s" if modifying a plural noun).

    • Adjectives ending in "e" or a consonant:

    • Agree with the nouns/persons they modify.

    • These adjectives do NOT have masculine and feminine forms, only a SINGULAR or PLURAL form (p.50).

Estructura 2. The verbs “ESTAR” & “IR”

Conjugation of Verbs

  • Be able to conjugate the verbs "estar" and "ir" in the present tense with subject pronouns (p. 53).

  • Distinguish between the use of "ser" and "estar":

    • "Ser" used with adjectives indicates permanent characteristics (e.g. tall, short, blond).

    • Identify adjectives commonly used with "estar".

    • Adjectives used with "estar" must agree in GENDER and NUMBER:

    • Example: "la chica está cansada" versus "el chico está cansado".

  • Identify question words on p. 57: ¿qué? (what), ¿adónde? (to where), ¿cómo? (how), ¿de dónde? (from where).

  • Identify the difference between "por qué" (why) and "porque" (because) (p.54).

  • The use of "estar" with adjectives shows temporary conditions, e.g. moods or emotional states (Example: "Él está enfermo", NOT "él es enfermo").

  • Always follow the verb "ir" (or any conjugation of it) with "a" and then with the destination:

    • Example: "Yo voy al (a + el) gimnasio."

Estructura 3 & 4. The Verb “Gustar”

Understanding “gustar”

  • Be able to understand that every "gustar" sentence has either:

    • 3 parts: Example: "le gusta la pizza".

    • 5 parts: Example: "A Tom le gusta la pizza".

    • Use the correct CONJUGATION of "gustar" (gusta or gustan) and the correct OBJECT PRONOUNS (me, te, le, etc.) to express that something is/are pleasing to someone.

  • Remember:

    • NEVER use subject pronouns (yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nosotros, ellos) with "gustar".

    • Always use object pronouns (me, te, le, nos, os, les) with "gustar".

    • Only use the following 2 conjugations of “gustar”:

    • "gusta" when the thing liked is a SINGULAR noun or an infinitive verb.

    • "gustan" when the thing liked is a PLURAL noun.

  • Examples:

    • Something is/are pleasing to ME: me gusta/gustan; NEVER: yo gusto!

    • Something is/are pleasing to YOU: te gusta/gustan; NEVER: tú gustas

    • Something is/are pleasing to him: le gusta; NEVER: él gusta

    • Something is/are pleasing to her: le gusta; NEVER: ella gusta

    • Something is/are pleasing to YOU (Usted): le gusta/gustan; NEVER: Usted gusta

    • Something is/are pleasing to US: nos gusta/gustan; NEVER: nosotros gustamos

    • Something is/are pleasing to ELLOS/ELLAS: les gusta/gustan; NEVER: ellos/ellas gustan.

  • Be able to use “gustar” with an individual:

    • Always place an “a” before the person’s name and use object pronoun “le” with gustar:

    • Example: “A Mary le gusta” (something or activity).

    • Example: “Al (a + el) hombre le gusta” (something or activity).

Final Applications of “ir” and “gustar”

  • Be able to use “ir” to state what someone is going to do:

    • Conjugate the verb "ir" + a + a verb infinitive.

  • NEVER conjugate the verb used after “ir”; leave it in the unconjugated, infinitive form.

    • Correct Example: "Yo voy a estudiar" (I am going to study).

    • Incorrect: "Yo voy a estudio."

D. c.2 Cultura

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