Recording-2025-02-03T17_46_55.118Z

Introduction to the Original Schools of Thought

Structuralism

Focus: The structure of the mind.
Wilhelm Wundt (1879):
- Established the first psychological laboratory, considered the father of modern psychology.
- Focused on identifying the key elements that make up the mind.

Functionalism

Focus: The functions of the mind.
William James:
- Advocated for the study of what the mind can do rather than its structure.
- Noted that our thoughts influence our stress management, highlighting the importance of controlling thought processes.

Behaviorism

Focus: Observable behavior rather than internal thoughts.
John B. Watson:
- Argued that psychology should focus solely on behaviors that can be measured and observed.
- Rejected the idea of studying the mind, as it cannot be observed or measured.
- Emphasized the role of the environment on behavior, stating that behaviors are largely learned through conditioning.

Psychoanalysis

Focus: The unconscious mind.
Sigmund Freud:
- Introduced concepts of the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious mind.
- Proposed that most of our feelings and behaviors are driven by unconscious desires and motives.
- Believed that early childhood experiences shape our personality.
- Described two core instincts that drive human behavior:
  - Eros (Life Instinct): Associated with sexuality and reproduction.
  - Thanatos (Death Instinct): Associated with aggression.

Conclusion: Key Differences Between Schools of Thought

Structuralism: Focuses on the basic structure of the mind.
Functionalism: Concerned with the mind's functions and how they help us adapt.
Behaviorism: Studies observable behaviors; discounts unobservable mental processes.
Psychoanalysis: Investigates the unconscious mind to understand human behavior and personality.

Revisiting Concepts

Importance of understanding these foundational perspectives in psychology.
The evolving nature of psychological theories and their relevance in real-world applications.