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Unit One Overview

• Focus: Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs

• Importance: Understanding these parts of speech helps architecture students construct correct sentences.

• Goals: Analyze essays, use nouns effectively, write meaningful essays, and perform effective communication.

Lesson One: Nouns

Definition

• Nouns: Words that name persons, places, or things.

• Inclusive of inanimate objects, abstract concepts, and events.

• Noun Phrases: Groups of words that function as nouns (e.g., "Marketing and selling").

Functions of Nouns

1. Subject

   • Example: "Some of these students are coming home tonight."

   • Explanation: "Students" is the subject, the main topic.

2. Direct Object

   • Example: "The students will take the midterm examination here."

   • Explanation: "Midterm examination" answers "what?" after the verb, making it a direct object.

3. Indirect Object

   • Example: "Professor Santos gave the students some expensive projects."

   • Explanation: "Students" is the indirect object, answering "to whom?" after the verb.

4. Object of Preposition

   • Example: "Many of these students are here for some reasons."

   • Explanation: "Reasons" follows the preposition "for."

5. As an Adverb

   • Example: "The students will be leaving tomorrow."

   • Explanation: "Tomorrow" functions as an adverb of time.

6. As an Adjective

   • Example: "The office building for the faculty is repaired."

   • Explanation: "Office" describes which type of building it is.

7. Possessive

   • Example: "The students' reaction papers were highly graded."

   • Explanation: Shows possession of "reaction papers" by the students.

Types of Nouns

1. Common Nouns

   • Definition: General names for people or things.

   • Examples: country, bridge, town (all start with lowercase).

2. Proper Nouns

   • Definition: Specific names for particular entities.

   • Examples: Mr. Olivares, Philippines (all start with uppercase).

3. Concrete Nouns

   • Definition: Tangible objects that can be perceived with senses.

   • Examples: building, coffee, gasoline.

4. Abstract Nouns

   • Definition: Ideas or qualities that cannot be perceived physically.

   • Examples: wisdom, joy, patience.

5. Collective Nouns

   • Definition: Names for groups of things treated as a single unit.

   • Examples: jury, team.

   • Explanation: Can be singular or plural based on context.

   • Sentence Structure: "The whole family is..." vs. "The basketball team prepares..."

6. Count and Mass Nouns

   • Countable Nouns: Can be counted (e.g., books).

   • Uncountable Nouns: Cannot be counted, usually no plural form (e.g., information, rice).

7. Stative Nouns

   • Definition: Nouns used as adjectives for another noun.

   • Examples: metal innovation, engineering school.

8. Compound Nouns

   • Definition: Nouns made up of two or more words.

   • Types:

     • Open (spaced): e.g., machine code.

     • Hyphenated: e.g., acid-base.

     • Closed (solid): e.g., flywheel.

9. Possessive Nouns

   • Definition: Shows ownership.

   • Formation Rules:

     • Singular nouns: add apostrophe + s (e.g., Maria's apartment).

     • Plural nouns ending in s: add apostrophe after s (e.g., families' building).

     • Plural nouns not ending in s: add apostrophe + s (e.g., children's toy).