Gilded Age

Urbanization – the growth of cities

Industrialization – the growth of industry and machinery as a factor of production

Square Deal – Roosevelt's domestic policy that contained three main goals. Conserving natural resources, more control over large companies, and consumer protection.

Progressivism (What is it?) – The Progressive Movement sought to solve the social, economic, and political problems that grew out of the rapid growth of cities and industry.

Settlement house – A Settlement House in Chicago for poor immigrants (mainly women and children). Those housed learned English and other skills, and the children received an education.

Temperance movement – When the women came up with prohibition (no alcohol).

Muckrakers (Explain and list) – Muckrakers were journalists who investigated social problems, political corruption and economic scandals. Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens, Thomas Nast, and Jacob Riis were muckrakers.

Pure Food and Drug Act – Congress passed and Roosevelt signed this act in 1906, along with the Meat Inspection Act (1906).

Plessy v. Ferguson – A landmark Supreme Court case in which the Court held that state-mandated segregation laws did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.

Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle” – Wrote about the meat-packing industry and the way it was (the filthiness of it).

Meat Inspection Act – Congress passed and Roosevelt signed this act (1906), along with the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.

16th Amendment – The Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived.

17th Amendment – The Senate…shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof…

18th Amendment – The manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors…is hereby prohibited.

19th Amendment – The rights of citizens…to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Working conditions – Workers were often exploited or treated harshly. They also worked in unsanitary and dangerous conditions.

Ida Tarbell – Investigative journalist who exposed the corrupt business practices J.D. Rockefeller used in growing Standard Oil by publishing a book called “The History of the Standard Oil Company.”

Jacob Riis – Published a book called “How the Other Half Lives.” The book highlights the terrible living conditions of the tenements in NYC.

Tenements – Apartment buildings of the Gilded Age that were often characterized by a lack of sanitation.

Causes of the Progressive Era – How were the Gilded Age Era problems were addressed during the Progressive Era

Progressive Party – Educated, Urban, Middle Class, Journalists, Politicians and President: Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson.

Chinese Exclusion Act – Prevented Chinese immigrants living in America from becoming citizens

Angel Island – Immigration depot for immigrants emigrating from Asia to the Atlantic coast of the United States (West Coast)

Nativists/Nativism – The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or establishing inhabitants against those of immigrants

Ellis Island – Immigration depot for immigrants emigrating from Europe to the Atlantic coast of the United States (East Coast)

Push Factors – Wars, Political tyranny and instability, Limitations on: Social movement, Religious freedom, and Land ownership

Pull Factors – Democracy, Availability of: Land ownership, Social mobility, Jobs

Laissez-faire – Government should interfere as little as possible with business

NAACP – The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Its goal was to secure equal protection under the law, end lynching, and ensure political and educational equality.

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (Describe) – Death of 150 employees who were mostly young women.

Labor Unions – An organization of workers who have a collective interest in improving working conditions. Unions, such as the American Federation of Labor and the Knights of Labor, organized strikes to pressure industrialists into meeting their demands.

List the 3 Progressive Presidents – Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.

Prohibition – The 18th Amendment basically prohibited the drinking of alcohol.

Tammany Hall – Name of Tweed’s political machine

Boss William Tweed – Controlled New York City’s finances, accepted bribes, and sold city permits to party friends

Jane Adams – Social activist who founded Hull House in Chicago

Monopoly – Businesses that have total control over a sector of the economy, including prices.

Sherman Antitrust Act – Prohibits activities that restrict interstate c

ommerce and competition in the marketplace. Outlawed trusts and monopolies.