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In-depth Psychological Science Notes
In-depth Psychological Science Notes
Introduction to Psychology
Course Overview: PSYC1020 - Introduction to Psychology
Offered in 2009 at Wollongong
Part of Psychological Science curriculum
Structure of the Brain
The brain consists of two asymmetrical hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum.
Gross Structure Components:
Lateral Sulcus
: A significant groove in the brain, delineating regions.
Brodmann Areas: Cytoarchitectonics map developed by Korbinian Brodmann which categorizes brain areas based on tissue structures.
Brain Composition
Brain Cells
: Two main types of cells comprise the brain.
Neurons
:
Estimated ~100 billion in the adult brain.
Form over 100 trillion neuronal connections, processing all information.
Glial Cells
:
Provide support, nutrition, and physical structure to the brain.
Neuronal Structure
Basic Neuronal Components:
Multipolar Neuron
: Characterized by having one axon and multiple dendrites.
Soma (Cell Body)
: Contains the nucleus and all essential structures for neuron functioning.
Dendrites
: Specialized structures that receive incoming signals.
Axons
: Specialized for transmitting outgoing signals.
Neuron Communication
Resting Membrane Potential
:
Neurons maintain a voltage difference of approximately -70 millivolts across their membrane, similar to a tiny battery.
Depolarization
:
Reception of excitatory/inhibitory signals that alter the resting potential; threshold around -55 mv.
Action Potential Generation
:
Initiated through rapid depolarization at the axon hillock, resulting in a current traveling down the axon.
Myelination
:
Oligodendrocytes create a myelin sheath that influences how the action potential travels.
Synaptic Transmission
:
Arrival of action potential triggers neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft.
Postsynaptic Effects
:
Depending on the neurotransmitter type, EPSPs can depolarize or IPSPs can repolarize the postsynaptic neuron.
Brain Functionality
Executive Functions (Prefrontal Cortex)
:
Involves cognitive processes such as planning, inhibition, and working memory.
Motor Functions (Motor Cortex)
:
Primary Motor Cortex:
Responsible for planning voluntary movements.
Premotor Cortex & Supplementary Motor Area:
Involved in selecting and coordinating movements.
Somatosensory Processing (Somatosensory Cortex)
:
Processes sensations such as pressure, pain, and temperature.
Visual Processing (Visual Cortex)
:
Handles form, color, object identity, and motion perception.
Neuronal activity encodes a spatial map of the visual world, although details degrade with complexity.
Auditory Processing (Auditory Cortex)
:
Processes sound frequency, localization, language, and music.
Limbic System
:
Often referred to as the “older mammalian brain,” regulates emotional responses and memory.
Cerebellum (Hindbrain)
:
Coordinates complex movements and stores procedural memories.
Medulla, Pons, Reticular Formation (Hindbrain)
:
Manage basic autonomic functions such as breathing, sleep, and wakefulness.
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AP LANG RHETORICAL CHOICES
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Japanese Term 3- fashion
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Studied by 27 people
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Studied by 6 people
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Studied by 10 people
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