Epidemiology: Tracking how diseases spread + Patterns
Cholera + John Snow: Early epidemiologist who solved cholera outbreak in UK.Â
-Contaiminated Pump
Prospective/ Cohort Study:
Studying into the future.
Retrospective/ Case-Control Study:
Studying starting from the past.
(pan=world)(contained=epid)Epidemic: Affecting an abnormally large number of people within the same region, with a disease
Difference between epidemic and pandemic: Epidemic: Large but contained in country/ landmass. Pandemic: Large, uncontained
Inoculation: Immunizing someone against a disease by introducing infective material, microorganisms, or vaccine into the body.
Plasmid: A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from that of the chromosomes.
Two types of ends —> Sticky/blunt
Recombinant DNA: Artificial Combination (recombinant)
Recombinant DNA: DNA that has been formed artificially by combining DNA
Restriction Enzyme: Types of enzymes that split DNA into different pieces.
Brakes intoÂ
John Snow
Difference between case-control and cohort study
Types of vaccines (illicit immune response)
4 Types
Live Attenuated:Â
Rubella, Varicella, a weakened version of the virus —> Stronger/ long term immunity
Inactivated
Polio, Influenza, Killed cell/virus used to elicit immune response to create antibodies
Toxoid
Tetanus, Using a weakened toxin from the pathogen to create antibodies
Subunit
Hepatitis B, HIB, Using the “best part” of the virus/ only part of the virus that will best stimulate an immune response.
Conjugate:
HPV (Human papillomavirus/ STD), Same with carrier proteins→ helps with the disease getting