Unit 1.4 Test

Epidemiology: Tracking how diseases spread + Patterns

Cholera + John Snow: Early epidemiologist who solved cholera outbreak in UK. 

-Contaiminated Pump

Prospective/ Cohort Study:

Studying into the future.

Retrospective/ Case-Control Study:

Studying starting from the past.

(pan=world)(contained=epid)Epidemic: Affecting an abnormally large number of people within the same region, with a disease

Difference between epidemic and pandemic: Epidemic: Large but contained in country/ landmass. Pandemic: Large, uncontained

Inoculation: Immunizing someone against a disease by introducing infective material, microorganisms, or vaccine into the body.

Plasmid: A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from that of the chromosomes.

Two types of ends —> Sticky/blunt

Recombinant DNA: Artificial Combination (recombinant)

Recombinant DNA: DNA that has been formed artificially by combining DNA

Restriction Enzyme: Types of enzymes that split DNA into different pieces.

Brakes into 

John Snow

Difference between case-control and cohort study

Types of vaccines (illicit immune response)

4 Types

Live Attenuated: 

Rubella, Varicella, a weakened version of the virus —> Stronger/ long term immunity

Inactivated

Polio, Influenza, Killed cell/virus used to elicit immune response to create antibodies

Toxoid

Tetanus, Using a weakened toxin from the pathogen to create antibodies

Subunit

Hepatitis B, HIB, Using the “best part” of the virus/ only part of the virus that will best stimulate an immune response.

Conjugate:

HPV (Human papillomavirus/ STD), Same with carrier proteins→ helps with the disease getting