6 Physical Factors of Work Environment: Noise and Vibration

Noise in the Working Environment

• Definition: Unpleasant or unwanted mechanical sound that affects acoustic comfort and can harm health.
• Characteristics:
  • Frequency: Ranges from low (16 Hz) to high (20,000 Hz).
  • Intensity: Energy of sound wave per unit of area (measured in W/m²).
  • Unit of Measurement: Decibels (dB).\

Noise Classification

1. By Frequency:
   • Low frequency (16–350 Hz)
   • Midrange frequency (350–800 Hz)
   • High frequency (800–20,000 Hz)
2. By Nature:
   • Narrowband, broadband, tonal, non-tonal
3. By Change in Intensity:
   • Constant, variable, intermittent, impulse

Effects of Noise on Health

• Physiological: Permanent hearing loss at >80 dB after long exposure; temporary effects at 87-100 dB.
• Psychological: Increased irritation, distraction, reduced attention and productivity.

Preventive Measures Against Noise

• Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Medical checks, audiometric tests.
• Architectural modifications (e.g., noise-isolated areas).

Vibration in the Working Environment

• Definition: Mechanical oscillations around a balance point, affecting the body based on frequency and exposure time.
• Types:
  1. General vibrations (whole body)
  2. Local vibrations (hand-arm system)

Health Impacts of Vibrations

• Musculoskeletal Disorders: Damage to muscles and joints.
• Autonomic Nervous Systems Effects: Tachycardia, stress response, sleep disturbances.

Health Limits for Vibration Exposure

• 8-hour daily exposure limit: 5 m/s² for hand-arm vibration, 1.15 m/s² for whole-body vibration.

Prevention of Vibration Impact

• Minimizing exposure through equipment design and operational practices.
• Use of vibration-absorbing materials and regularly scheduled assessments.

Regulatory Framework

• Key Ordinances address maximum exposure levels for noise and vibration, ensuring safe working conditions.
• Employers must implement measures if exposure limits are exceeded.
• Requires annual medical examinations and monitoring for affected workers.