marking out is transferring measurements onto material before it is cut or formed. sometimes manufacturing processes will not need to mark out if machinery has been set up to process materials automatically.
marking, cutting and mortise gauges
callipers
dividers - consist of a jointed pair of legs, each with a sharp point, can be used for geometrical operations e.g. circles
squares
micrometer
vernier callipers
densitometer - measures the degree of darkness of a photographic or semi-transparent material or of a reflecting surface
jigs - used to control location or motion of another tool
fixtures - support of work holding device used to hold work in place
→ jigs and fixtures eliminate individual marking/positioning, production rate increased, reduction in scrap, save labour costs, unit cost reduced
go and no-go gauges - inspection tool used to check a work-piece against allowed tolerances
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