test final notes

Arensal – a place to store weapons/military equipment

Ø Casualty – soldier who is killed, wounded, or captured in battle

Ø Habeas Corpus – legal right that guarantees a prisoner the right to be heard in court

Ø Amnesty – granting a pardon for past actions

Ø Annex – to add a territory to one’s own territory

Ø Decree – official order

Ø Famine – an extreme shortage of food

Ø Barricade – to block off

Ø Innovation – a new development or invention

Ø Incorporate – to include, absorb

Kansas-Nebraska Act & voting in Kansas:

Ø The area known as the Nebraska Territory had enough people to make it a state. This territory was going to be broken into two parts due to population – Nebraska and Kansas. Because of where Nebraska was located (in the North), both areas stood to become “free” states as defended by the Missouri Compromise. To keep balance between free and slave states, it was proposed that Kansas could vote for whether they wanted slavery (popular sovereignty – people are the source of all government power). This was called the Kansas-Nebraska Act

Ø Kansas would decide its status on slavery by voting. Supporters from both sides flooded Kansas to influence the vote. Only 1,500 people lived in Kansas before the vote. 6,000 votes were cast for the election. The pro-slavery supporters refused to accept the result and formed their own government with laws to make slavery illegal – resulting in two rival governments

Strengths & plans of the North/South to win war:

Ø North:

▫ The Four Strengths:

1. Railroads – mobility, soldiers, transport shoes/clothes, weapons, food/getting supplies fast

2. Factories – if you need something for the war, for example, shoes, guns, clothing, so they will not have to relied on others to produce for them

3. Larger Population – more people in North than South, make most money by more land, more stuff you can grow on it

4. Large Navy – needed for large ships that were sent away, beware the pirates, the ships were filled with weapons

▫ Three-part plan:

1. Blockade Southern ports – park ships across ocean who tried to bring ships in South, turning France and England ships away, somehow the South would be running out of supplies

2. Gain control of the Mississippi River – if you wanted to trade soldiers around the Mississippi River it was a clever idea, MR was a valuable way of traveling, North wanted to gained control of MR to easily send supplies

3. Capture Richmond, VA – take out confederacy leadership

Ø South:

▫ Three Strengths:

1. Defensive Battle – The South has plenty of opportunities to plan a plan to fight the North since they live there, and the North had to travel back and forth to win

2. The best Military Leadership - when the Us broke apart, soldiers are going to have to pick a side, more brilliant generals that the army and navy had to offer had homes in the South, so when it was time to choose a side, the South had the best to offer

3. Support from France & Britain – because south grows Tabaco, England had great factories, needed raw material meaning they cannot grow cotton, so they had to go to the south to get it, because France and Britain depend on the south, they should support the South

▫ Two-Part Plan:

1. Wear down North – hoped to keep fighting to where the North would keep sending soldiers where they cold hopefully kick them out

2. Get France & Britain to apply Pressure – if their angry about not getting their material for factories, to take our side in war, because they depend on the products we make

Presidents & capitals for the North/South:

Ø North:

▫ The President – Abraham Lincoln

▫ The Capital – The district of Colombia or Washington

Ø South:

▫ The President: Jefferson Davis

▫ The Capital: Richmond, Virginia

Women during the War:

Ø Women kept the farms and factories going while the men fought. Many women acted as nurses during the war. Doctors often objected to a woman’s involvement; they thought woman were too delicate to handle the bad injuries. People also thought it was improper for women to tend a man they didn't know. Mary Edwards Walker became the 1st army surgeon (Medal of Honor). A few women became spies. A couple woman disguised themselves as men to serve in the army, to fight in what they believed in.

Prisoner treatment before/after:

Ø There was a mix of sympathy and hospitality. Both sides would do prisoner exchanges. But because of the way the Confederate treated African American prisoners, the prisoner exchange ended. The prisons would get full since the prisoner exchange stopped. As Andersonville and Elmira kept getting soldiers, there were more problems. There was a shortage of food, enough only to feed the soldiers, so the prisoners would starve. Some diseases would spread, so prisoners would die of them.

Monitor vs Merrimack:

Ø The Monitor and Merrimack were the first Ironclad ships. They both thought they won because the Monitor drafted to shallow waters to aid his captain who got his eyes hurt and was going to come back, and the Merrimack thought they surrendered so they left. The Monitor saw the Merrimack leaving and thought they had won.

Battles during Civil War:

First Battle of Bull Run:

1. The first land battle of the war

2. Many figured that the outcome of this battle would explain (or show) who would win the overall war

3. The North drove the South back – until Stonewall Jackson came with reinforcements to cause the Northern flee

4. Southern troops gave out a “rebel yell” and forced Northern troops to retreat

▫ Bull run is in Virginia. The south set up a defensive position waiting for the north. Exchanged fire. More confederate died. The south might lose because while the union soldiers move forward the northern ones move backwards. Reinforcements show up for the confederacy by general Thomas Jackson. TJ always felt like his life was no less important than any of the soldiers fighting for him. Stonewall earned his nickname because the union troops said he wasn't scared and looked like a stone wall. The union fired; confederate ran to the union. Did the rebel yell. The union thought they were crazy and retreated.

Battle of Shiloh:

1. Battle took place in front of a church

2. Grant was waiting for reinforcements to arrive from Nashville when the south attacked him

3. Grant fled to the Mississippi river to receive aid from northern troops

4. In the end, gunboats and reinforcements drove the south away

▫ The church was used for wounded soldiers, and it was named Shiloh. Before those extra soldiers show up from the Mississippi River he is discovered by the confederacy. The south is to attack the soldiers at Shiloh. If he continues to fight them all his soldiers will die or surrender. He decided to retreat to the Mississippi River. Hoping that he will run into his reinforcements. The union makes it to the river. Thats where the union's gunboats are waiting. The ships that had the reinforcements got off the boat and helped. Big win for the union.

Battle of Antietam:

1. The North found Lee’s better plans on the ground – wrapped around 3 cigars

2. Despite McClellan knowing Lee’s plans, he waited and trained his troops – rather than picking off the Southern forces while they were separated.

3. Single bloodiest day in the war

4. The south decided to retreat to avoid more casualties. The north failed to pursue despite Lincoln expressing to McClellan to do so

5. After this battle, McClellan was removed from his command

- The confederate had the best generals. Robert E. Le, Jackson Stonewall. Antietam was where all the generals would meet. Drew a map.

- Kids would fight in the Civil War. Kids would get sent to military camp. For food, clothing because it could not be provided at home. One kid would be playing a drum in war, way to march. This was the best way to keep everyone together. Kids served as a ward. Of a general needed help to carry stuff and the kids would help.

- Robert had many cigars. Map falls out of Roberts pocket. Brought the map to George McClellan, general of all union forces. Whenever George saw his soldiers die, he would get mad. He tried not to lose any men. He gets the biggest army. McClellan wanted to take care of his wounded, bury his dead and gather new people. Abraham Lincoln wanted George to follow all three best generals. Abraham fired George McClellan.

Battle of Chancellorsville:

1. South conducted a sneak attack at night on union troops stationed in Chancellorsville

2. Stonewall Jackson has surrounded the north – catching them in crossfire

- In the confusion, Stonewall Jackson was shot in the arm by one of his men. He would die shortly thereafter due to sickness and infection setting in after they performed amputation.

3. The south won this battle, but suffered a heavy loss with the death of Stonewall Jackson

- It was a situation where the union had a large camp set up in Chancellorsville. The 3 generals come across it. Still plan on attacking them, even though they have more soldiers than them, because it is a very large camp. Getting shot in both directions. Very effective. The union soldier's surrender. A huge victory because they had a lot more soldiers than the confederacy had. Stonewall showed his soldiers that he isn't more important than the soldiers. Someone on the other side from the confederacy mistook Stonewall and other soldiers and shot Stonewall in the arm and hit the bone. Catches pneumonia and dies. The Confederacy won. Battle of Vicksburg:

1. Series of ground and naval battles to control southern ports along the Mississippi River

2. The south lost – which was critical because....

3. This allowed for the north to gain full control of the Mississippi River

- The South are winning quite a few of the battles. Can’t believe the South is winning, because they have no factories, railroads etc. However, when AL became president, he will not touch slavery in the states that already have slavery. Wanted to make slavery illegal. The only way the South was getting guns and bullets was because of the French and British. The only place to get goods and supplies is the Mississippi River.

- This battle is a series of naval battles explaining if the south should get more help. Now that the North has control of the Mississippi river the south can't get supplies to help the south in war. The south isn't getting any supplies.

- Robert E. Lee must change his battle tactics. He’s going to attack Abraham Lincoln. To try to end war. Get his men and heading up to Washington DC.

Battle of Gettysburg:

1. Lincoln sent General Meade to find lee and his troops

2. Both sides bumped into each other accidentally while the south was raiding a town for shoes

3. The turning point in the war – due to a poor decision made by Lee

4. Southern troops; had to cross a field and climb up a hill (Cemetary Ridge)

5. Pickett led a charge that provided disastrous – only half the men returned

- The Confederacy hasn't replaced Robert E. Lee for anyone since he hasn't lost wars they were supposed to lose. Lincoln sent General Meade to find Robert and then send troops to kill him. Meade finds a town in Gettysburg. While General Meade is looking for shoes they come across Robert. Meade is supposed to leave as soon as possible so Lincoln can send troops. Robert chases Meade. Get to a hill. The union is shooting. Robert E. lee has an idea, to attack them with a huge army of soldiers. When Robert makes his biggest mistake. Tells Pickett to leave a charge up the hill. At the bottom of the hill was a white fence. The white fence slowed up the confederate soldiers. Pickett retreats. The union has sent word of Roberts location. Soldiers from the union have come behind Robert. From the union Ulysses S. Grant shows up. Robert sends a message to Ulysses about expectations of surrendering.