Renaissance

Humanism is the philosophical idea that focuses on the individuality of humans. It delves into the humanities (art, politics, etc.) and is a revival of Greco-Roman thought.

A patron is a supporter of a cause and provides financial assistance for the cause; a patron in this context supports the arts or the church. A patronage is the act of the patron.

Secularism is the idea that church and state should be separated in politics. [Corrected, got it correct!]

Albrecht Durer was a prominent German Renaissance artist. His works demonstrated the upcoming ideas to portray human anatomy and nature as they are, in much detail.

Erasmus was a Dutch philosopher, activist and theologian and is regarded as one of the greatest scholars of the Northern Renaissance.

Johann Gutenberg was a German inventor who sped up communication across Europe with the movable type printing press (Chinese used printing press before him tho).

Michelangelo was an Italian artist who is famous for David and the painting of the Sistine Chapel’s ceiling. He was a major artist in the Italian Renaissance.

Sir Thomas More was a close advisor to Henry the Eighth but was killed for his more radical ideas about the church and divorce.

Petrarch was an Italian humanist, poet and scholar, who wrote the poems addressed to Laura. He added to the Italian Renaissance by pushing lyrical poetry into the art world’s eye

Reformation

Predestination is the concept that your life and afterlife are pre planned by G-d.

Sects are subcategories of a larger group. In this context, Protestantism is a sect of Christianity, and Anabaptism is a sect of Protestantism.

A theocracy is a government run by priests in the name of G-d. It is the opposite of “separation of church and state”.

The Anglican Church is the Church of England. It is a Catholic and Reform church and still upholds ideas from the Reformation.

John Calvin (POWer) thought of the concept of predestination, that your life is preplanned by G-d and your soul has a designated place. He also thought work ethic and someone’s moral life shows if they are one of the Chosen.

Henry the Eighth began the Church of England after the other Church (Catholic) didn’t allow him to divorce his first wife. Notable advisor was Sir Thomas More, see also Act of Supremacy.

Huguenots were an often persecuted group of French Protestants who used Calvinist ideas. They were named (founded?) after John Hugues.

Jan Hus was a radical thinker who came c. 200 years before Martin Luther, but they had the same ideas. He thought that the church had too much power.

Ignatius of Loyola founded the Jesuits, the Society of Jesus. They spread the Catholic Doctrine.

Martin Luther came c. 200 years after Jan Hus, had the same radical ideas. Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses, a long list of complaints against the Church.

John Wycliffe was another radical thinker who worked in the northern part of Europe at around the same time as Jan Hus. Similarly thought the church had too much power.

The Act of Supremacy was passed by Parliament after Henry VIII’s divorce blowup. The Act makes Henry the head of the Church of England.

The Council of Trent was a period of 18 years in which the 19th ecumenical council convened in the reply to the Protestant Reformation [Peace of Augsburg, Cardinal Richelieu]

The Peace of Augsburg was a treaty between Charles the 5th and the Schmalkaldic League that let Lutheranism and Catholicism live in coexistence.

Cardinal Richelieu was a French statesman and clergyman, who is known for exploiting greater religious interests in the preference of his own political ones during the Thirty Years’ War.

The 95 Theses were written by Martin Luther to show his issues with the church.