Gas Laws Notes

Pressure

• Measured in atm, kPa, and mmHg.
• Conversion factors:
  • 1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 mmHg
• Increasing the pressure on a container can increase the movement of molecules.

Factors Affecting Gas Particle Movement

• Four factors affect the movement of gas particles:
  1. Temperature
  2. Pressure
  3. Volume
  4. Amount of moles (amount of gas)
• To make gas particles move faster, you can increase:
  • Temperature
  • Decrease Volume

Volume

• Measured in liters (L).
• Conversion: To convert milliliters (mL) to liters (L), divide by 1000.
  • Example: 50 mL / 1000 = 0.05 L
• Decreasing the volume of the container increases the pressure of the molecules.

Temperature

• Measured in Kelvin (K).
• Always convert temperatures to Kelvin for gas law calculations.
• Conversion: To convert Celsius (°C) to Kelvin (K), add 273.
  • Example: 24°C + 273 = 297 K
• Increasing the temperature of the container increases the movement of the molecules.

New Equations

• Charles's Law: \frac{V1}{T1} = \frac{V2}{T2}
• Boyle's Law: P1V1 = P2V2
• Gay-Lussac's Law: \frac{P1}{T1} = \frac{P2}{T2}