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Power On Self-Test (POST)

• A diagnostic sequence initiated when the PC is powered on.

• Checks key components:

  • CPU: Ensures it's active.

  • Video: Confirms video output is functioning properly.

  • Keyboard: Verifies keyboard connectivity.

  • Memory: Checks for installed and operational memory.

• Error indicators:

  • Beeping sounds if there are issues.

  • Messages on screen if video output is functional.

Beep Codes

• Beeps provide troubleshooting feedback during POST; specific to various manufacturers.

• Variations in beep patterns indicate different problems (e.g., memory issues, video adapter faults).

• It's advised to consult the motherboard documentation for specific beep meanings instead of memorizing.

Common Startup Messages

• Incorrect Date and Time:

  • Managed by the BIOS, sustained by a battery.

  • A dead battery prevents date/time storage; requires manual resetting.

• Booting from Non-Standard Drive:

  • Drive boot sequence configured in BIOS; may need adjusting boot order.

  • USB drives may need removal if they are prioritized over the primary hard drive.

Windows Stop Error (Blue Screen of Death)

• Indicates a critical error within Windows: must restart to recover.

• Consult Windows Event Viewer for details on the stop error if it disappears quickly.

• Identify possible culprits:

  • Faulty hardware.

  • Incompatible drivers.

  • Problematic applications.

• Solutions may include rolling back drivers, restoring from previous configurations, or booting into safe mode.

Troubleshooting System Sluggishness

• Utilize Task Manager to assess CPU utilization; background processes may be causing sluggish performance.

• Check for issues:

  • Insufficient disk space can hinder performance.

  • Laptop batteries may throttle CPU speed.

  • Overheating can lead to CPU slowdowns; periodic system cleaning recommended.

Detecting Overheating Problems

• Dust accumulation can block airflow; use tools like HW Monitor for temperature readings.

• Clean any dust and ensure fans are operational.

• Address systems showing signs of overheating to prevent unplanned shutdowns.

Hardware Diagnostic Tools

• Use utilities from the manufacturer for full hardware diagnostics.

• UEFI BIOS may contain built-in diagnostics.

Troubleshooting Other Common Issues

• Black Screen:

  • Check power and video cable connections.

  • Verify the monitor's input source settings.

• Grinding Noises:

  • Inspect for loose components; possible hard drive failure.

  • Clear any obstructions in system fans.

• Application Freezes:

  • Investigate recent hardware or driver changes; perform diagnostics as needed.

Boot Loop Issues

• If the system repeatedly restarts:

  • Document where restarts happen during boot-up.

  • Possibly related to BIOS configuration or faulty drivers.

  • Use diagnostic tools and try booting in safe mode or using last known good configuration.

Maintaining the Battery on the Motherboard

• Incorrect date/time upon startup may indicate a faulty motherboard battery.

• Replace the battery to ensure continuity of the BIOS settings and accurate timekeeping.

• Current BIOS settings are typically saved in flash memory and require jumper reset for clearing.