RENAISSANCE/REFORMATION:
• Re-birth
• What caused it?
• Humanism
• Printing press
• New Art—characteristics
o Artists
o Difference between Italian and
Northern
• Medici family—patron
• Geographical make up of Europe
o Italian city-states
o Rivalries (Haps-Val)
o New Monarchies
 Reference your 15-16C tree
• Protestant Reformation
• Erasmus
• Martin Luther
o 95 Theses
o Indulgence
o Peasant Revolts
• John Calvin
o Predestination
o Calvinists throughout Europe
• Henry VIII—Church of England
o Puritans
• Zwingli
• Anabaptists
• Catholic Reformation
o Council of Trent
o Jesuits-Loyola
• Peace of Augsburg
o Charles V
o HRE
o Protestant success
• French Wars of Religion
o Henry IV
o St. Barts Massacre
o Edicts of Nantes (Fontainebleau)
AGE OF ABSOLUTES (16-18 C):
• Absolute Monarch/Divine Right
• Baroque Art
• Reference your 16-17 family tree
• Standing armies
• Spain
o Ferdinand and Isabella
o Charles V-empire
o Philip II-Golden Age—Spanish
Armada
• Hapsburg—Austria—Catholic
o Charles V-wars: religious, expansion,
French
o Holy Roman Empire
o 30 Years War—Westphalia
o Charles VI
o Maria Theresa—War of Austrian
Succession
o Joe II—enlightened despot
o 7 Years War
• Prussia—Brandenburg Prussia
o Fredrick William I and II
o II = Enlightened Despot
o Military
o 30 Years War
o Austrian Succession
o 7 Years War
• Russia
o Peter the Great—westernization
▪ Great Northern War
o Catherine the Great—expansion
• Poland??? Division (18th C)
o France
o Louis XIII
▪ Richelieu
▪ Absolute Power
▪ Fronde
o Louis XIV
• Versailles
• Wars
• Religious policies
• Spanish Succession
▪ Utrecht
o Louis XV
• Great War for Empire/7 Years
War—Treaty of Paris
o Louis XVI
• American Revolution
• French Revolution
• England
o Henry VIII
• Church of England
o Elizabeth—Tudor dynasty—politique—
Spanish Armada
o Stuart Dynasty—James I
o English Civil War—Charles I
o Oliver Cromwell—lord protector
o Stuart restoration—Charles II
o Glorious Revolution—Will of Orange—
Bill of Rights, end of Stuarts—
Hanoverians
o Great War for Empire/7 Years War—
Treaty of Paris
AGE OF EXPLORATION:
• Marco Polo
• Portugal/Spain—Treaty of Tordesillas
o de Gama
o Columbus
o Magellan
o Vespucci
o Cortez/Pizarro
• Mercantilism
• France/England/Netherlands
• Motives
• Impact—Imperialism/colonies
• Impact on Enlightenment

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION:
• Impact of Renaissance
• Inductive/deductive reasoning
• Descartes
• Bacon
• Newton
• Copernicus
• Kepler
• Brahe
• Galileo
• English/French Societies
• Journals
• Impact on Women, the Church and the
Enlightenment
18th CENTURY
• Aristocracy
• Division of classes
• Changes in family life
• Rococo
AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT:
• Social Contract
• Natural Rights
• Natural Laws
• Philosophe
• Physiocrat
• Laissez-Faire
• John Locke
• Thomas Hobbes
• Montesquieu
• Adam Smith-capitalism
• Voltaire
• Rousseau
• Wollstonecraft
• 12 characteristics of the Enlightenment
• Impact on Women
• Impact on the American Revolution
• Impact on French Revolution
FRENCH REVOUTION:
• Impact of the American Revolution
• Estates of France
• Problems of France-18th C
• Bastille
• Tennis Court Oath
• National Assembly
• Jacobins
o Committee of Public Safety
o Robespierre
o Guillotine
o Ascension of Extremists
o Reign of Terror
• Directory
• Napoleon
o Rise to Power
o Directory
o Emperor
o Wars
o Defeat—Waterloo
• Congress of Vienna