Recording-2025-03-10T17:37:18.229Z

Anatomy of the Eye

• Eyelid Terms:

  • Blepharo: Means eyelid.

• Outer Structures:

  • Conjunctiva: Membrane covering the eye.

  • Cornea: Covers the lens under the conjunctiva.

  • Keratitis: Inflammation of the cornea.

  • Iris: Surrounds the pupil.

  • Retina: Inner lining of the eye.

  • Sclera: The membrane that holds the eye together; means 'hard'.

  • Optic Nerve: Contains no rods or cones; known as the blind spot.

Tear Duct Anatomy

• Tear-Related Terms:

  • Decryo / Lacrimal: Refers to tears.

• General Eye Terms:

  • Oculo / Ophthalmo: Related to the eye.

  • Ophthalmitis: Inflammation of the eye.

  • Macula: Means a spot.

Macula and Related Structures

• Macula Lutea: Large yellow spot in the retina, surrounded by a yellow line.

• Optic Disc: Where the optic nerve enters the eye.

• Fovea Centralis: Center of the macula; the point of sharpest vision and highest density of cones.

Age-Related Eye Conditions

• Senile Macular Degeneration: Age-related deterioration leading to visual impairment.

• Presbyopia: Age-related vision impairment, implying poor vision similar to older adults.

• Retinitis: Inflammation of the retina, which has a rich blood vessel supply.

Retina Structure

• Retina Layers:

  • Contains three layers responsible for vision.

  • Receives and interprets images via optic nerve to the brain.

• Hypertensive Retina: Shows scarring from ruptured blood vessels due to hypertension.

Retinal Diseases

• Diabetic Retinopathy: Retina disease caused by diabetes; characterized by ruptured blood vessels and bleeding.

• Retinal Arterial Sclerosis: Hardening of arteries leading to reduced blood supply.

Blepharitis and Eyelid Conditions

• Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelids, can be ulcerative or non-ulcerative.

  • Symptoms include redness, swelling, dry eyes, and crusted eyelashes.

  • Treatments: warm compresses, shampoo for scalp/eyebrows, avoid makeup.

• Palpabritis: Inflammation of the eyelid.

• Blepharoptosis: Drooping eyelid potentially requiring surgery.

Eye Infections

• Stye: Infection of the eyelid, causing pain swelling; can be internal or external.

  • Caused by Staphylococcus bacteria.

Lacrimal System Conditions

• Dacryocystitis: Inflammation of the tear sac.

  • Symptoms include profuse tearing, swelling, requiring hot compresses or surgery.

• Dacryoadenitis: Inflammation of the tear gland.

  • Can lead to other complications including infection.

Conjunctival Inflammation

• Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva.

  • Causes include bacteria, foreign bodies, viruses.

  • Symptoms: redness, discharge, and pain.

• Trachoma: Chronic, contagious conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, leading to scarring and blindness.

Corneal Conditions

• Corneal Ulcer: Sores on the cornea, often caused by herpes simplex virus.

• Glaucoma: Eye disease with increased intraocular pressure, leads to optic nerve damage and potential blindness.

Vision Conditions

• Myopia: Nearsightedness, where light focuses in front of the retina.

• Hyperopia: Farsightedness, where light focuses behind the retina.

• Strabismus: Condition where the eyes do not properly align with each other.

Cataracts

• Cataract Types:

  • Nuclear, cortical, and posterior capsular depending on lens location.

• Symptoms & Treatments:

  • Early symptoms include blurry vision, halos; treated with phacoemulsification surgery.

Retinal Detachment

• Retinal Detachment: Condition where the retina separates from its underlying layer, often caused by trauma or diseases like diabetes.