19/10/23: Development II

Vocabulary:

Zygote→Embryo - 2-8 weeks

Embryo→Fetus - 8 weeks into birth

Age of Viability - 26 weeks, point where fetus/baby can survive if born prematurely, dependent on lung development

Neonate - a newborn fetus (fetus becomes a neonate once it is born)

Vision - not fully developed at birth, well-developed at 6 months; only see 7-10 inches, no colors until a few months (rods more developed than cones at birth), assumed survival trait; babies hard-wired to prefer looking at human faces

Hearing - well-developed at birth, babies recognize mother’s voice in 2-3 days; hearing tests performed before hospital discharge to detect deafness

Cognitive Development - development of thinking and reasoning

Notes:

• Neonatal Reflexes - rooting, sucking reflex, moro reflex

  • Rooting - turning head towards anything touching its cheek b/c the baby is seeking breasts

  • Sucking Reflex - nursing; babies in places w/ poor healthcare + premature birth die b/c unable to suck (requires an IV to feed)

  • Moro Reflex - startle reflex; series of movements, extend arms, fan out fingers, arch back

• Jean Piaget - created the 4 stages of cognitive development

  • #1/Sensorimotor Stage - birth to 18 months (1½) yrs old, undeveloped + no language

    • Lacks Object Permanence (Sensorimotor Stage) - lacks understanding/awareness of things/objects the baby cannot see

  • #2/Pre-Operational Stage - 1½-7 yrs old

    • Egocentric Thought (Pre-Operational Stage) - believes everyone shares their perspective of things (ex. holding up a picture to show the person they’re on the phone with)

    • Lack of Conservation (Pre-Operational Stage) - doesn’t understand that certain properties stay the same even if the shape changes (ex. two balls of clay, one flattened and one rolled up, will look like dif amounts)

  • #3/Concrete Stage - 7-11 yrs old, thinks logical thought only

  • #4/Formal-Operational Stage - abstract thinking