Flashcards: Urinary System

Flashcard 1:
Front: Functions of the Urinary System
Back: Maintains extracellular environment, regulates conservation and excretion of water and electrolytes

Flashcard 2:
Front: Filtration Process
Back: 4000 L blood processed daily → 400 L fluid filtered → 4 L urine excreted

Flashcard 3:
Front: What does the urinary system regulate?
Back: Fluid in extracellular spaces, blood osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, blood pH, ion retention/elimination

Flashcard 4:
Front: Hormones/Enzymes produced by the urinary system
Back: Erythropoietin (hematopoiesis), Renin (blood pressure & sodium reabsorption), Active Vitamin D

Flashcard 5:
Front: What does the urinary system excrete?
Back: Metabolic waste, drugs, toxins

Flashcard 6:
Front: Are urinary diseases common in well-cared-for large animals?
Back: No, true urinary diseases are rare.

Flashcard 7:
Front: Components of the Urinary System
Back: Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra

Flashcard 8:
Front: Function of Ureters
Back: Thick-walled, muscular tubes connecting kidneys to bladder; prevent backflow

Flashcard 9:
Front: Diseases affecting Ureters
Back: Congenital (Ectopic ureters), Traumatic (Obstruction from nephroliths), Anatomic (Hydronephrosis)

Flashcard 10:
Front: Function of the Bladder
Back: Distensible, muscular storage organ

Flashcard 11:
Front: Diseases affecting the Bladder
Back: Patent Urachus, Urachal Diverticulum, Cystitis

Flashcard 12:
Front: Function of the Urethra
Back: Long, muscular tube from bladder to external opening

Flashcard 13:
Front: Common issue in the Urethra
Back: Frequent site of urolithiasis (urinary stones)

Flashcard 14:
Front: Bovine Cystitis & Pyelonephritis - Causes
Back: E. coli, Staph, Strep, Proteus, Trueperella pyogenes

Flashcard 15:
Front: Symptoms of Bovine Cystitis & Pyelonephritis
Back: Hematuria, frequent urination, anorexia, fever, colic, polyuria/polydipsia

Flashcard 16:
Front: Diagnosis & Treatment of Bovine Cystitis & Pyelonephritis
Back: Clinical signs, rectal palpation, ultrasound, urine exam; treated with long-term antibiotics, nephrectomy

Flashcard 17:
Front: Swine Cystitis & Pyelonephritis - Causes & Risk Factors
Back: Actinobaculum suis (+ others), poor water, fecal contamination, obesity, leg injuries

Flashcard 18:
Front: Symptoms & Treatment of Swine Cystitis & Pyelonephritis
Back: Acute renal failure, anorexia, hematuria, pyuria, weight loss; treated with injectable antibiotics

Flashcard 19:
Front: Prevention of Swine Cystitis & Pyelonephritis
Back: Hygiene, constant water, culling older sows

Flashcard 20:
Front: Swine Kidney Worm Infection - Causes & Transmission
Back: Stephanurus dentatus; transmitted via skin penetration, ingestion (earthworms carry larvae)

Flashcard 21:
Front: Symptoms & Prevention of Swine Kidney Worm Infection
Back: Poor growth, stunting; prevented with antiparasitics, sanitation, management changes

Flashcard 22:
Front: Urolithiasis - Commonly Affected Animals
Back: Wethers, bucks, rams, steers, bulls (esp. feedlot animals)

Flashcard 23:
Front: Causes & Common Stone Types in Urolithiasis
Back: Male anatomy predisposes to obstruction; stones include phosphatic, calcium carbonate, silicate, calcium oxalate

Flashcard 24:
Front: Symptoms of Urolithiasis
Back: Anorexia, depression, bruxism, stretched posture, vocalization, distension, edema

Flashcard 25:
Front: Diagnosis & Treatment of Urolithiasis
Back: Physical exam, preputial grit, rectal palpation; treated with catheterization, supportive care, surgery

Flashcard 26:
Front: Urolithiasis in Horses - Stone Type & Symptoms
Back: Calcium carbonate stones; symptoms include dysuria, hematuria, incontinence, colic

Flashcard 27:
Front: Treatment & Prevention of Urolithiasis in Horses
Back: Surgery (cystotomy, urethrotomy, lithotripsy); prevent with balanced diet, free water access

Flashcard 28:
Front: Uroperitoneum in Foals - Causes
Back: Bladder rupture at birth, prolonged recumbency, urachal rupture from umbilical abscess

Flashcard 29:
Front: Symptoms & Diagnosis of Uroperitoneum in Foals
Back: Lethargy, tachycardia, tachypnea, distension, straining; diagnosed via peritoneal fluid analysis, ECG, BUN/creatinine

Flashcard 30:
Front: Treatment & Prognosis of Uroperitoneum in Foals
Back: Early surgical correction with good prognosis

Flashcard 31:
Front: Key Takeaways of Urinary System
Back: Regulates fluids, electrolytes, pH, BP, waste; rare diseases, prevention crucial, early diagnosis improves prognosis