Native American Tribes

Florida Native American Time Periods - Alessandra

Paleo Indian (12,000 – 6,500 BCE)

• Shoreline was 100 miles further west and cooler climate 

• Nomadic Small groups lived near resources 

• Came 12000 to 15000 years ago

• big animals like mammoths roamed the land

Archaic Period (6,500 - 1000 BCE) 

• Ocean Levels rise many Many main food source animals extinct so they gathered nuts and berries and united deer and small animals 

• Semi permanent settlement made canoes from tree trunks began to make pottery

• by the end cypress swamps dominated the land

• Larger groups lived on the coast  

Woodland Period (1000 BCE - 800 CE)

• Early Woodland: Coastal dwellers part of the manasota culture 

• Late Woodland: Manasota Culture became Weeden Island Culture, Trading, Pottery becomes more beautiful

• Plain pottery 

Mississippian Period (800 - 1500 CE)

• Mississippi to Atlantic and Virginia to Florida 

• Flat topped temple mounds 

• Complex hierarchy systems with competitive communities

• Poor farming relied heavily on  seafood

Contact (1500 - 1750 CE)

• First Explorers in Florida 

  • Juan Ponce de Leon 

  • Panfilo Narvaev

  • Hernando de Soto

• Floridian tribes

  • Timucuan

  • Tocobaga 

  • Calusa

  • Apalachee

Florida Native American Time Periods - From slides

• Paleo-Indian

• Archaic

• Woodland

• Mississippian

• Contact

Paleo-Indian (14,500 - 6500 BCE)

• Shoreline 100 miles further west

• Climate was cooler and drier

• Oak and hardwood forest savannas w/ water being scarce

• Animals

  • Mammoth

  • Mastodon

  • Giant ground sloth

  • Sabre-tooth cat

• Lifestyle

  • Nomadic 

  • Small family groups lived near resources

  • Hunted large and small mammals and gathered plants

  • Points have been found in Tampa Bay which was dry at the time

Archaic Period (6500 - 1000 BCE)

-rainfall increased creating more permanent supplies of freshwater

-pine forests & cypress swamps

-ocean levels rose

-large mammals now extinct / now hunted deer & small game,

and gathered nuts & berries

-Lifestyle

- lived in semi-permanent settlements on the coast or along rivers

- traveled in canoes made from tree trunks

-By end of period:

*fish & shellfish staple 

of diet - empty ones in 

piles called middens

*began to make crude 

pottery

-Archaic sites are most common in Florida

Woodland Period (1000 BCE - 800 CE)

• Early Woodland - coastal dwellers were part of Manasota Culture

- caught snook, trout, ray, mullet, garfish, whelk, oyster, scallop & clam.

- used seine nets, gill nets w/ weights, hook & line or spears with bone or barb points

- made plain pottery

• Later Woodland: Manasota Culture came under influence of Weeden Island Culture

  • Villages connected by trade networks & common religion

  • Pottery making becomes more advanced & includes beautiful designs (incising)

• Weeden Island Culture named for Weedon Island in St. Petersburg

Mississippian Period (800 - 1500 CE)

• This culture stretched just west of the Mississippi River to the Atlantic, and from Virginia south to Florida

• Lifestyle:

  • Well-planned communities with plazas, flat-topped temple mounds, rows of houses and religious customs

  • Complex and hierarchical society of different classes

  • Competitive communities - frequent fighting

  • Developed advanced bows & arrows w/ triangular points

  • Still depend on seafood locally (soil poor for farming)

 Contact (1500 - 1750 CE)

• A period of decline w/ the arrival of Europeans

• First Explorers of Florida

  • Juan Ponce de Leon (1513 & 1521)

  • Panfilo Narvaez (1528)

  • Hernando de Soto (1539 - 1540)

• Missions & Missionaries

  • Spread Catholic faith to Indians of La Florida - Timucuan, Tocobaga, Calusa and Apalachee

  • Provided a form of control

What happened to the Indians of Florida like the Timucuan and Calusa?

• Intro. of disease (smallpox, measles, etc.) 

• Forced into slavery by Spanish, and later by the British to work on Caribbean plantations

• Merged with runaway slaves and other Indians escaping into Florida to form the Seminole Tribe

Mr. H Notes 

Sect.1 - Introduction

• American Indians lived in the Americas up to what could be 20-30 thousand years ago

• American Indians got to the americas 500 years before the Europeans and Africans and there were no written records

• so archeologists use artifacts to help them understand how they lived

  • Except the Mayan tribe, the only one with written records

• Only Artifacts were left like stone tools, shards of pottery, and human bones

Sect. 2 - Across a Land Bridge/Migrating East and South

• Asians Migrated from Siberia to present day Alaska by way of land bridge, Beringia, took over 1000 years to make it and populates America

• Temps fell and ocean levels dropped 100 feet, water was locked up in ice so was scarce

• Beringia land bridge helped Siberian hunters follow herds east into the Americas

  • Some may have skirted the coast, moving east than soutEarth warms up, Ice age ends, ocean levels rise to normal

• Earth warms up, Ice age ends, ocean levels rise to normal 10,000 years ago 

  • Some may have skirted the coast, moving east than soutEarth warms up, Ice age ends, ocean levels rise to normal 10,000 years ago

  • Berginia submerged underwater

• Mammoth and other megafauna became extinct

• Hunter-gathers shifted to hunting smaller animals and collecting plants and seeds

• Over thousands of years will populate N. And S. America.

• Siberian descents are no knows and American Indians

Sect.3 - Adapting to Environment

• 7,000 years ago Am. Indians began experimenting with planting crops

  • This helped them begin to settle in one places and build villages 

•  Hunter-gathers —-> Settlers 

Sect. 4 - How American Indians viewed the Environment

• Am. Indians believed they had a strong connection to everything in their environment — plants, animals, — any natural object had a spirit

• Believed all objects in nature possessed a spirit

•  A person had to maintain the balance with all the spirits

• Farmers made corn and had ceremonies giving thanks 

• Hunters gave thanks for the prey they killed 

  • Europeans gave thanks to God

Sect. 5 - Using the Land

• Unlike the Europeans, Am. Indians didn’t believe one person could own property 

  • They believed in fiercely protecting their homeland

• Modified land to their needs

  • Cleared undergrowth with fire 

  • Created ditches to carry water

  • Tried not to overuse resources

Power notes #2

• Introduction

  • Americans Indians live in the Americans 25,000 years ago

  • Europeans and Africans didn’t arrive until 500 years ago

  • Native Americans left no written records(except for the Mayans) so archaeologists study artifacts that are left behind to understand how they live.

    • Stone tool

    • Shards of pottery

    • Human bones

      • Finding new artifacts could change our understanding of their cultures

• Migration Routes of the First Americans

  • Historians and archaeologist believe Asians migrated from Siberia, to present day Alaska by way of a land bridge and over 1000s of years populated the americans

  • Across a land bridge

    • 30,000 last ice age began

    • Temps fell

    • water locked up in ice

      • ocean. levels dropped 200 feet

  • Beringia

    • Land bridge

    • grasslands attracted large(mega fauna

      • Mammals such as mammoth 

    • Siberian hunters followed herds as they move east into the americans

      • arrived up to 20000 years ago

    • some may have skirted the coast moving east and then south

• Migrating East and South

  • Continued to follow animals south

  • earth warms/ ice age ends 10,000 years ago and ocean levels rise and Beringia is is submerged

  • mammoth and other megafauna became extinct

  • descendents of siberians hunters now knows as American indians

    • Hunters-gatherers hunting small animals 

• farther south

  • 7000 years ago am Indians begin to experiment w planting crops squash corn peppers and beans

  • began to settle in now place building villages

• how American Indians viewed their environment 

  • American Indians believed the had a string connection to everything in the environment plants animals any natural object

• natures spirits 

  • believed all objects in nature posed a spirit and a person had to maintain a balance with other spirits

  • farmer in the southwest made corn a major focus in their ceremonies giving thanks

  • hunters gave thanks to prey they skilled

• using the land 

  • Unlike Europeans, American Indians didn’t believe no person could own property. They did believe is fiercely protecting their homeland

  • mad field land to suit their needs 

    • cleared undergrowth w/ fire

    • created ditches to carry water

    • tried not to overuse resources

  • tried not to waste anything obtained from nature

Florida Native American Time Periods - Alessandra

Paleo Indian (12,000 – 6,500 BCE)

• Shoreline was 100 miles further west and cooler climate 

• Nomadic Small groups lived near resources 

• Came 12000 to 15000 years ago

• big animals like mammoths roamed the land

Archaic Period (6,500 - 1000 BCE) 

• Ocean Levels rise many Many main food source animals extinct so they gathered nuts and berries and united deer and small animals 

• Semi permanent settlement made canoes from tree trunks began to make pottery

• by the end cypress swamps dominated the land

• Larger groups lived on the coast  

Woodland Period (1000 BCE - 800 CE)

• Early Woodland: Coastal dwellers part of the manasota culture 

• Late Woodland: Manasota Culture became Weeden Island Culture, Trading, Pottery becomes more beautiful

• Plain pottery 

Mississippian Period (800 - 1500 CE)

• Mississippi to Atlantic and Virginia to Florida 

• Flat topped temple mounds 

• Complex hierarchy systems with competitive communities

• Poor farming relied heavily on  seafood

Contact (1500 - 1750 CE)

• First Explorers in Florida 

  • Juan Ponce de Leon 

  • Panfilo Narvaev

  • Hernando de Soto

• Floridian tribes

  • Timucuan

  • Tocobaga 

  • Calusa

  • Apalachee

Florida Native American Time Periods - From slides

• Paleo-Indian

• Archaic

• Woodland

• Mississippian

• Contact

Paleo-Indian (14,500 - 6500 BCE)

• Shoreline 100 miles further west

• Climate was cooler and drier

• Oak and hardwood forest savannas w/ water being scarce

• Animals

  • Mammoth

  • Mastodon

  • Giant ground sloth

  • Sabre-tooth cat

• Lifestyle

  • Nomadic 

  • Small family groups lived near resources

  • Hunted large and small mammals and gathered plants

  • Points have been found in Tampa Bay which was dry at the time

Archaic Period (6500 - 1000 BCE)

-rainfall increased creating more permanent supplies of freshwater

-pine forests & cypress swamps

-ocean levels rose

-large mammals now extinct / now hunted deer & small game,

and gathered nuts & berries

-Lifestyle

- lived in semi-permanent settlements on the coast or along rivers

- traveled in canoes made from tree trunks

-By end of period:

*fish & shellfish staple 

of diet - empty ones in 

piles called middens

*began to make crude 

pottery

-Archaic sites are most common in Florida

Woodland Period (1000 BCE - 800 CE)

• Early Woodland - coastal dwellers were part of Manasota Culture

- caught snook, trout, ray, mullet, garfish, whelk, oyster, scallop & clam.

- used seine nets, gill nets w/ weights, hook & line or spears with bone or barb points

- made plain pottery

• Later Woodland: Manasota Culture came under influence of Weeden Island Culture

  • Villages connected by trade networks & common religion

  • Pottery making becomes more advanced & includes beautiful designs (incising)

• Weeden Island Culture named for Weedon Island in St. Petersburg

Mississippian Period (800 - 1500 CE)

• This culture stretched just west of the Mississippi River to the Atlantic, and from Virginia south to Florida

• Lifestyle:

  • Well-planned communities with plazas, flat-topped temple mounds, rows of houses and religious customs

  • Complex and hierarchical society of different classes

  • Competitive communities - frequent fighting

  • Developed advanced bows & arrows w/ triangular points

  • Still depend on seafood locally (soil poor for farming)

 Contact (1500 - 1750 CE)

• A period of decline w/ the arrival of Europeans

• First Explorers of Florida

  • Juan Ponce de Leon (1513 & 1521)

  • Panfilo Narvaez (1528)

  • Hernando de Soto (1539 - 1540)

• Missions & Missionaries

  • Spread Catholic faith to Indians of La Florida - Timucuan, Tocobaga, Calusa and Apalachee

  • Provided a form of control

What happened to the Indians of Florida like the Timucuan and Calusa?

• Intro. of disease (smallpox, measles, etc.) 

• Forced into slavery by Spanish, and later by the British to work on Caribbean plantations

• Merged with runaway slaves and other Indians escaping into Florida to form the Seminole Tribe

Mr. H Notes 

Sect.1 - Introduction

• American Indians lived in the Americas up to what could be 20-30 thousand years ago

• American Indians got to the americas 500 years before the Europeans and Africans and there were no written records

• so archeologists use artifacts to help them understand how they lived

  • Except the Mayan tribe, the only one with written records

• Only Artifacts were left like stone tools, shards of pottery, and human bones

Sect. 2 - Across a Land Bridge/Migrating East and South

• Asians Migrated from Siberia to present day Alaska by way of land bridge, Beringia, took over 1000 years to make it and populates America

• Temps fell and ocean levels dropped 100 feet, water was locked up in ice so was scarce

• Beringia land bridge helped Siberian hunters follow herds east into the Americas

  • Some may have skirted the coast, moving east than soutEarth warms up, Ice age ends, ocean levels rise to normal

• Earth warms up, Ice age ends, ocean levels rise to normal 10,000 years ago 

  • Some may have skirted the coast, moving east than soutEarth warms up, Ice age ends, ocean levels rise to normal 10,000 years ago

  • Berginia submerged underwater

• Mammoth and other megafauna became extinct

• Hunter-gathers shifted to hunting smaller animals and collecting plants and seeds

• Over thousands of years will populate N. And S. America.

• Siberian descents are no knows and American Indians

Sect.3 - Adapting to Environment

• 7,000 years ago Am. Indians began experimenting with planting crops

  • This helped them begin to settle in one places and build villages 

•  Hunter-gathers —-> Settlers 

Sect. 4 - How American Indians viewed the Environment

• Am. Indians believed they had a strong connection to everything in their environment — plants, animals, — any natural object had a spirit

• Believed all objects in nature possessed a spirit

•  A person had to maintain the balance with all the spirits

• Farmers made corn and had ceremonies giving thanks 

• Hunters gave thanks for the prey they killed 

  • Europeans gave thanks to God

Sect. 5 - Using the Land

• Unlike the Europeans, Am. Indians didn’t believe one person could own property 

  • They believed in fiercely protecting their homeland

• Modified land to their needs

  • Cleared undergrowth with fire 

  • Created ditches to carry water

  • Tried not to overuse resources

Power notes #2

• Introduction

  • Americans Indians live in the Americans 25,000 years ago

  • Europeans and Africans didn’t arrive until 500 years ago

  • Native Americans left no written records(except for the Mayans) so archaeologists study artifacts that are left behind to understand how they live.

    • Stone tool

    • Shards of pottery

    • Human bones

      • Finding new artifacts could change our understanding of their cultures

• Migration Routes of the First Americans

  • Historians and archaeologist believe Asians migrated from Siberia, to present day Alaska by way of a land bridge and over 1000s of years populated the americans

  • Across a land bridge

    • 30,000 last ice age began

    • Temps fell

    • water locked up in ice

      • ocean. levels dropped 200 feet

  • Beringia

    • Land bridge

    • grasslands attracted large(mega fauna

      • Mammals such as mammoth 

    • Siberian hunters followed herds as they move east into the americans

      • arrived up to 20000 years ago

    • some may have skirted the coast moving east and then south

• Migrating East and South

  • Continued to follow animals south

  • earth warms/ ice age ends 10,000 years ago and ocean levels rise and Beringia is is submerged

  • mammoth and other megafauna became extinct

  • descendents of siberians hunters now knows as American indians

    • Hunters-gatherers hunting small animals 

• farther south

  • 7000 years ago am Indians begin to experiment w planting crops squash corn peppers and beans

  • began to settle in now place building villages

• how American Indians viewed their environment 

  • American Indians believed the had a string connection to everything in the environment plants animals any natural object

• natures spirits 

  • believed all objects in nature posed a spirit and a person had to maintain a balance with other spirits

  • farmer in the southwest made corn a major focus in their ceremonies giving thanks

  • hunters gave thanks to prey they skilled

• using the land 

  • Unlike Europeans, American Indians didn’t believe no person could own property. They did believe is fiercely protecting their homeland

  • mad field land to suit their needs 

    • cleared undergrowth w/ fire

    • created ditches to carry water

    • tried not to overuse resources

  • tried not to waste anything obtained from nature