Cloud computing defined- Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of compute power, database, storage, applications, and other IT resources via the internet with pay-as-you-go pricing.

Infrastructure as software- Cloud computing enables you to stop thinking of your infrastructure as hardware, and instead think of it (and use it) as software.

Traditional computing model Infrastructure as hardware

• ●  Significant upfront investment and costs of maintaining

  • ○  Requires space (and security)

  • ○  Requires staff (and security)

• ●  Requires capital expenditure (capex) and planning

• ●  Has long hardware procurement cycles- adding a new person to system

Traditional computing model

Infrastructure as hardware

● Requires you to provision capacity by guessing maximum peaks

• ○  Problem of underestimating resource or storage needs

• ○  Problem of overestimating resource or storage needs

• ○  Needs change requiring more time, effort, money

Traditional computing model

Infrastructure as hardware
● Acquire, Provision, Maintain

Traditional computing model: example

New Website

• ●  Buy the hardware

• ●  Rack and stack servers

• ●  Put it in a data center (Buy? Rent? Plus utilities)

• ●  IT professional to manage it (or have someone else manage it)

• ●  Secure it

• ●  Replace servers

Cloud computing model

Infrastructure as software Software solutions

● Flexible

●  Change more quickly, easily, cost-effectively

●  Eliminate heavy-lifting tasks ○ Procurement

○ Maintenance

○ Capacity planning

Cloud computing model

Infrastructure as software Software solutions

● Elasticity
● Availability
● Automation
● Security
● Support
● Pay-as-you-go

Cloud service models

Cloud service models

Infrastructure as a Service- (IaaS) renting compute power but rest you do

• --  Amazon EC2

• -  Most control over resources but most work

  Platform as a Service- (PaaS)- you manage but cloud servers help

• -  Salesforce

• -  Heroku

• -  AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Amazon RDS

  Software as a Service -(SaaS)- least manageable

• -  Microsoft Office 365

• -  Google Docs, Sheets, Calendar, Drive

• -  Netflix, Spotify

example of clouding Pizza as a Service

Cloud computing deployment models

Cloud full on the cloud
Hybrid
On-premises (private cloud)

Similarities between AWS & traditional IT

Two kinds of cloud

Cloud Providers: FB, AWS, Google, etc. rent computers as a service
Cloud Services: performs a job for you in the cloud
FB Messenger, Amazon, Netflix, AirBnB, YouTube, Capital One, Google Drive

What does “stored in the cloud” mean?

Your data is stored on physical pieces of equipment in a datacenter.

Example from Facebook/Meta: Your profile, your likes, your viewing history, your friends, your groups, your messages (public and private), your preferences, ad information, etc. are stored on servers in FB data centers

What isn’t a cloud service?

On demand service, via the internet, pay-as-you-go

Cloud Providers

Top cloud providers

-IBM, AWS, MICROSOFT, GOOGLE. ORACLE

Cloud profile

Customer Orientation-Large or Small Organizations

Vision-Visionary or Fast Follower
Product Packaging - Integrated or Modular

End User Target-Business or IT

Cloud Focus-SaaS or IaaS

AWS is not the answer for every organization

Advantages of cloud computing

Advantage #1

Trade capital expense for variable expense - examples: Airbnb and hyundai
CAPEX: funds to acquire, provision, upgrade, maintain property & equipment

Pay for everything...whether you use it or not VAREX: expense that can be easily altered or avoided

Pay for only the resources you need and when (and how much) you use them

Advantage #2

Benefit from massive economies of scale

Advantage #3

Stop guessing capacity

Advantage #4

Increase speed and agility

From weeks (or months) to minutes——aka dont have to wait for tech support to get back to you

Advantage #5

Stop spending money on running and maintaining data centers

Advantage #6

Go global in minutes
Deploy application in multiple regions Lower latency
Better customer experience

Latency

Right sizing

“Provisioning instances to match workload and control cloud costs”

Right sizing: continually analyzing instance performance and usage needs and patterns—and then turning off idle instances and right sizing instances that are either overprovisioned or poorly matched to the workload.

Because your resource needs are always changing, right sizing must become an ongoing process to continually achieve cost optimization.

Right Sizing

Introduction to Amazon Web Services (AWS)

What are web services?

A web service is any piece of software that makes itself available over the internet and uses a standardized format – such as Extensible Markup Language (XML) or JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) – for the request and the response of an application programming interface (API) interaction.

What is AWS?

Not the online retailer!
Secure cloud platform with broad set of global cloud-based products

• ●  Provides on-demand access to compute, storage, network, database resources

• ●  Offers flexibility: reconfig, update, scaled, shut down

• ●  You pay only for the individual services you need

• ●  Services: building blocks

Choosing a service

The service you select depends on your business goals and technology requirements.

AWS Management console:

Three ways to interact with AWS

1. AWS Management Console

2. Command Line Interface (AWS CLI)

3. Software Development Kits (SDKs)

4. Accessing AWS services - Overview of Amazon Web Services

   Tools to develop and manage applications:

   https://aws.amazon.com/developer/tools/

AWS pricing model

1) Compute
a) Charged per hour or per second (Linux)

2) Storage
a) Charged typically per GB

3) Data transfer

1. a)  Outbound is aggregated and charged

2. b)  Inbound has no charge (with some expectations)

3. c)  Charged typically per GB

How do you pay for AWS?

• ●  Pay for what you use

• ●  Pay less when you reserve

• ●  Pay less when you use more

• ●  Pay less as AWS grows

2 Pay less when you reserve

On Demand Reserved (up to 75%)

• ●  No URI

• ●  Partial URI

• ●  All URI

  ...upfront reserved instances An instance is a server

Services to reserve

• ●  Amazon EC2

• ●  Amazon RDS

• ●  Amazon ElastiCache

• ●  OpenSearch Service

• ●  Amazon Redshift

• ●  Amazon DynamoDB

  Not all services can be reserved (like S3)

3 Pay less by using more

Data transfer in is always free Tiered pricing by volume

• ●  S3-Simple Storage Service

• ●  EBS-Elastic Block Store

• ●  EFS-Elastic File System

4 Pay less as AWS grows

• ●  Economies of scale

• ●  Since 2006, AWS has lowered pricing 75 times (as of Sept 2019)

• ●  Future higher-performing resources replace current resources for no extra

  charge

Customize

Custom pricing is available for high-volume projects with unique requirements

Which of the following services is not always free?

answer is Amazon EC2

Always free services

Amazon VPC
AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) Elastic Beanstalk**
Auto Scaling**
AWS CloudFormation**

• -  10 custom monitoring metrics and 10 alarms on Amazon CloudWatch

• -  62,000 outbound email messages with Amazon Simple Email Service (SES)

• -  One million requests and 3.2 million seconds of compute with AWS Lambda

AWS Organizations

Consolidated Billing
One bill for multiple accounts
Easily track the charges on each account
Decrease charges as results of volume pricing discounts from combined usage Consolidate all accounts and get tiered benefits

Show me the money!

Investigate pricing for each service you consider

Total cost of ownership

TCO

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) is a financial estimate to help identify direct and indirect costs of a system.

Entire infrastructure or specific workload Direct costs
Indirect costs

Additional considerations

Hard benefits

• ●  Reduced spending on compute, storage, networking, security

• ●  Reductions in hardware and software purchases (capex)

• ●  Reductions in operation costs, disaster recovery

• ●  Reduction in operations personnel

Additional considerations

Soft benefits

• ●  Increased developer productivity

• ●  Improved customer satisfaction

• ●  Increase global reach

• ●  Agile business processes that can quickly respond to new and emerging

  opportunities

AWS Organizations

AWS Organizations

AWS Organizations is a free account management service that enables you to consolidate multiple AWS accounts into an organization that you create and centrally manage.

Features

What is AWS Organizations? - AWS Organizations

• -  Free, global service

• -  Consolidated billing (& discounts)

• -  Centralized management

• -  Hierarchical grouping to meet budgetary, security, or compliance needs

• -  Service Control Policies (SCP)

• -  IAM provides granular control over users and roles in individual accounts. AWS

  Org expands that control to the account level

Not IAM vs. SCP

Identity and Access Management (IAM) allows or denies access to service, individual resources or API actions (applies to users, groups, roles, not root user)

SCPs allow or deny access to services for accounts or groups in an OU (affects all, even root user)

Service Control Policies

SCPs

• ●  Specify the maximum permissions for member accounts in the organization.

• ●  Restrict which AWS services, resources, and individual API actions the users

  and roles in each member account can access.

• ●  Define conditions for when to restrict access to AWS services, resources, and

  API actions.

• ●  These restrictions even override the administrators of member accounts in the

  organization.

Quotas

Names have maximum 250 characters (Unicode) Maximum 1000 OUs
Maximum 1000 policies

Lots of other quota limits: Quotas for AWS Organizations

Accessing

1. AWS Management Console

2. Command Line Interface (CLI)

3. Software Development Kits (SDKs)

4. HTTPS Query APIs

AWS Billing & Cost Management - global service

Service to pay your AWS bill, monitor your usage, and budget your costs. Enables you to forecast your costs and usage

-get a csv with each cost monthly and breakdown and what application

-cost anomaly detection alerts random costs and it allows you to see hacks or other security features, and if anyone leaves things running.

AWS Technical Support Plans

4 Support Plans

1. Basic- free
2. Developer - minimum $29

3. Business -minimum $100

4. Enterprise- minimum $15,000

• Enterprise On-ramp (min. $5,500)

• ●  Definitely choose “Basic” for your own personal use!

General Overview

Basic
Developer: Support for early development on AWS
Business: Customers that run production workloads
Enterprise: Customers that run business and mission-critical workloads

$15,000?

15-minute response

Technical Account Manager (TAM) - guide and advocate for your account, involved in planning, launch, proactive review of your architecture and account

Support Concierge – team to analyze account & billing analysis to help cut costs

Other supports

Personal Health Dashboard (PHD)
Trusted Advisor Checks: 7 for Basic/Developer; All for Business/Enterprise AWS Partner Network (APN)
AWS Support Center
Self-Help

- Documentation

• -  AWS Knowledge Center (FAQ)

• -  Discussion forums

AWS Trusted Advisor

Trusted Advisor

Online tool that provides real-time guidance to help you provision your resources following AWS best practices by looking at your entire AWS environment and giving you real-time recommendations in six categories

Trusted Advisor

Trusted Advisor Checks:

• ●  7 for Basic/Developer

  • ○  S3 Bucket Permissions

  • ○  Security Groups – Specific Ports Unrestricted

  • ○  IAM Use

  • ○  MFA on Root Account

  • ○  EBS Public Snapshots

  • ○  RDS Public Snapshots

  • ○  Service Limits

• ●  All for Business/Enterprise

Trusted Advisor

False positives are possible
e.g., S3 bucket with public permissions

Multiple Choice

Why is AWS more economical than traditional data centers for applications with varying compute workloads?

1. A)  Amazon EC2 costs are billed on a monthly basis

2. B)  Customers retain full administrative access to their Amazon EC2 instances

3. C)  Amazon EC2 instances can be launched on-demand when needed.

4. D)  Customers can permanently run enough instance to handle peak workloads.

What is AWS Trusted Advisor?

answer: An AWS service that offers best practices and recommendations for optimizing AWS environments.

Moving to the Cloud (AWS CAF)

From traditional to cloud

Not automatic
Fundamental technological change: obtain, use, manage, purchase All stakeholders must be supportive
CAF

WS Cloud Adoption Framework (CAF)

AWS CAF provides guidance and best practices to help organizations build a comprehensive approach to cloud computing across the organization and through the IT lifecycle to accelerate successful cloud adoption.

people perspective capability:

we are going to focus on cloud fluency which is building the digital acumen to confidently and efficiently leverage the cloud to accelerate business outcomes.

Multiple Select

A company is investigating whether it should move to AWS with the Cloud Adoption Framework. Which of the following are components of the people perspective? (Select two.)

• ❏  Risk management

• ❏  Product management

• ❏  Culture evolution- this one

• ❏  Cloud fluency- this one

• ❏  Threat detection

  What does AWS CAF (Cloud Adoption Framework) refer to in the context of cloud computing?

  answer: A set of best practices and guidelines for planning and executing cloud adoption strategies.

  

Moving massive amounts of data

A 40 TB database migration with 1 Gbps (!) connection takes more than 4 days

It’s quicker to physically ship a large amount of data than it is to transfer it over a network

What is the primary purpose of AWS Migration Hub?

answer: To manage and orchestrate the migration of on-premises applications to the AWS cloud.