Ch 2 energy

Biochemistry Multiple-Choice Test (With Answers)

1. What is the primary difference between potential and kinetic energy?
A) Potential energy is stored energy; kinetic energy is energy in motion (Answer: A)
B) Kinetic energy is stored energy; potential energy is energy in motion
C) Both describe the same type of energy
D) Neither has any scientific relevance

2. Nuclear radiation primarily affects human health by:
A) Damaging DNA and causing mutations (Answer: A)
B) Increasing oxygen levels in cells
C) Preventing cell division
D) Reducing body temperature

3. The First Law of Thermodynamics states:
A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred (Answer: A)
B) Energy can be created and destroyed
C) Systems naturally become more organized
D) Heat always flows from cold to hot

4. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states:
A) Energy tends to spread out and increase disorder (entropy) (Answer: A)
B) Energy remains constant in an isolated system
C) Energy can be completely recycled
D) Living organisms do not follow thermodynamic laws

5. Ultraviolet radiation affects human health by:
A) Causing DNA damage and increasing cancer risk (Answer: A)
B) Boosting metabolism
C) Improving immune system function
D) Reducing cellular respiration

6. Energy is transmitted in waves in the form of:
A) Electromagnetic radiation (Answer: A)
B) Chemical energy
C) Mechanical movement
D) Nuclear fusion

7. The primary energy source used in medical imaging is:
A) X-rays (Answer: A)
B) Microwaves
C) Infrared light
D) Ultrasound

8. Which imaging technique uses sound waves?
A) Ultrasound (Answer: A)
B) MRI
C) CT scan
D) PET scan

9. Heat is a form of:
A) Energy (Answer: A)
B) Matter
C) Chemical potential
D) Mechanical work

10. Temperature is a measure of:
A) The average kinetic energy of molecules (Answer: A)
B) The total energy in a system
C) How much heat an object contains
D) Molecular weight

11. The main way the human body loses heat is through:
A) Radiation (Answer: A)
B) Photosynthesis
C) Nuclear fusion
D) Osmosis

12. Fever is beneficial because:
A) It helps fight infections (Answer: A)
B) It always leads to dehydration
C) It makes the body cold
D) It weakens the immune system

13. High fevers can be dangerous because they:
A) Can cause protein denaturation (Answer: A)
B) Reduce the effectiveness of white blood cells
C) Decrease metabolic rate
D) Lower body temperature

14. Autoclaving is used to:
A) Sterilize medical equipment (Answer: A)
B) Cool down a patient's body
C) Reduce electricity consumption
D) Lower blood pressure

15. What type of energy is produced in autoclaves?
A) Thermal energy (Answer: A)
B) Nuclear energy
C) Electrical energy
D) Kinetic energy

16. Electricity in living organisms is primarily involved in:
A) Nerve signaling (Answer: A)
B) Breaking chemical bonds
C) Producing nuclear radiation
D) Generating artificial heat

17. Which ion is critical for nerve impulses in the body?
A) Sodium (Na⁺) (Answer: A)
B) Calcium (Ca²⁺)
C) Iron (Fe³⁺)
D) Chloride (Cl⁻)

18. The human body generates heat mainly through:
A) Metabolism (Answer: A)
B) Sunlight absorption
C) Electrical signals
D) Static friction

19. Which temperature scale is most commonly used in medical settings?
A) Celsius (Answer: A)
B) Fahrenheit
C) Kelvin
D) Rankine

20. How does sweating help cool the body?
A) Through evaporative cooling (Answer: A)
B) By increasing body temperature
C) By reducing metabolic rate
D) By radiating excess heat

21. Thermoregulation in the body is controlled by:
A) The hypothalamus (Answer: A)
B) The liver
C) The stomach
D) The spinal cord

22. A fever is defined as a body temperature above:
A) 38°C (100.4°F) (Answer: A)
B) 36°C (96.8°F)
C) 42°C (107.6°F)
D) 35°C (95°F)

23. Medical imaging that uses magnets to visualize soft tissue is called:
A) MRI (Answer: A)
B) X-ray
C) CT scan
D) Ultrasound

24. The primary risk of nuclear radiation exposure is:
A) DNA damage and cancer (Answer: A)
B) Increased body temperature
C) Improved immune function
D) Enhanced metabolism

25. What is the key principle behind an X-ray machine?
A) High-energy waves passing through soft tissues (Answer: A)
B) Sound wave reflections
C) Electromagnetic shielding
D) Thermal radiation absorption