Ch 11 Personality Day 2

Chapter Overview

• Title: Personality

• Authors: Sandra E. Hockenbury, Susan Nolan

• Edition: 10th

In This Chapter

• Definition of personality

• Various perspectives on personality:

  • Psychoanalytic Perspective

  • Humanistic Perspective

  • Social Cognitive Perspective

  • Trait Perspective

• Assessing Personality: Psychological Tests

Class Schedule

• Lecture Days:

  • Day 1

  • Day 2

  • Day 3

Assignments

• Class Cancellation: No class on Thursday, Feb 20.

• Online Assignment: Complete The Big 5 Personality questionnaire.

  • Write a 300-500 word reflection paper discussing the test results.

  • Worth 50 points; deadline: Sunday, Feb. 23, 11:59 PM.

• Late Submissions: Not accepted for this assignment.

Big 5 Personality Assessment & Reflection Assignment

• Instructions:

  • Complete Big 5 questionnaires through The Big Five Project.

  • Write a reflection paper including:

    • Percentile ratings on each dimension.

    • Discussion of what each trait indicates about your personality.

    • 2-3 real-life examples per trait illustrating key personality features.

  • Include screenshots of results in the same document.

• Grading Rubric: Total of 50 points

  • 45 points for trait analysis (9 points per trait).

  • 3 points for percentiles.

  • 3 points for personality insights.

  • 3 points for real-life examples.

  • 5 points for results screenshot.

Humanistic Psychology

• Emergence: Positioned as the “Third Force” opposed to psychoanalysis and behaviorism.

• Emphasis on:

  • Innate goodness of people.

  • Healthy personality development.

  • Importance of conscious perception of self.

Humanistic Perspective on Personality

• Focus:

  • Free will and self-awareness.

  • Psychological growth and self-actualization.

  • Inherent goodness and potential of individuals.

Carl Rogers on Becoming a Person

• Core Concept: Actualizing tendency is the main human drive, emphasizing personal growth.

• Development:

  • Self-concept and its impact on motivation.

  • Focus on positive regard and its implications for personal development.

The Self-Concept

• Definition: Set of perceptions and beliefs about oneself.

• Development:

  • Begins in early childhood (approximately age 2).

  • Positive regard is essential for healthy self-concept.

• Incongruence: Occurs when actual self contrasts with ideal self, leading to self-actualization barriers.

Positive Regard

• Types:

  • Conditional: Value is given based on acceptable behavior.

  • Unconditional: Value is given regardless of behavior.

• Fully Functioning Person: Possesses a flexible and evolving self-concept, experiencing congruence.

Abraham Maslow on Self-Actualization

• Hierarchy of Needs: Ultimate goal is self-actualization, achieving one's potential.

• Characteristics of Self-Actualized Individuals:

  • Realistic perception of self and others.

  • Spontaneity and openness.

  • Acceptance of self and others.

  • Focus beyond self, valuing privacy and independence.

  • Ongoing appreciation of life’s positive aspects.

  • Creativity.

  • Few people achieve this state as defined by Maslow.

Evaluating the Humanistic Perspective

• Strengths:

  • Influential in therapy, education, and parenting.

  • Validated importance of subjective experience and self-concept.

• Limitations:

  • Challenging to test scientifically; often based on philosophical views rather than empirical research.

  • Overly optimistic; may overlook destructive human traits.

The Social Cognitive Perspective

• Core Focus:

  • Conscious self-regulation over unconscious drives.

  • Importance of context and situational factors.

  • Personality influenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Albert Bandura and Social Cognitive Theory

• Key Concepts:

  • Observational learning and conscious processes.

  • Self-efficacy: Belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations.

  • Reciprocal Determinism: Interplay of behavior, cognitive processes, and environmental factors.

  • Famous for Bobo Doll Study demonstrating observational learning.

Self-Efficacy Beliefs

• Definition: Individuals' beliefs in their abilities affect their confidence.

• Growth through mastery experiences: Success enhances self-efficacy.

Evaluating the Social Cognitive Perspective

• Strengths:

  • Supported by extensive laboratory research.

  • Highlights self-regulated behavior and personal responsibility.

• Limitations:

  • Studies may oversimplify reality and ignore emotional complexity.

  • Underemphasizes unconscious influences.

Contrasting Views on Human Nature

• Freud: Pessimistic view; aggression as an innate destructive instinct.

• Rogers: Positive view; belief in human growth towards betterment.

• Bandura: Behaviors driven by conscious motives rather than unconscious instincts.

Exam Results Summary

• Base Average: 72.49%

• Adjusted Average: 77.36%

• Score Breakdown: 59.44/82 initially, improved to 63.44/82.

Learning Expectations

• Ability to define and explain major concepts of personality.

• Capability to provide examples for each major concept.

Review Resources

• Office Hours for Dr. Adams:

  • Monday 11:00 – 12:30 & Thursday 2:30 – 4:00

  • Prioritized appointments recommended.

• UTA Support:

  • Appointments available via email scheduling.

  • Specific times for Karen, Nikki, and Madhuri.