russian revolution + civil war

february revolution: 8-16 march 1917

october revolution: 7-8 november 1917

russian civil war: nov 1917 - oct 1922/june 1923

• Tsar Nicholas II failed to create an administration to ensure weaponry, transportation or food for warfare
  • soldiers suffered from lack of bullets
• zemstvos (local organizations)took control of civilian well-being, in taking care of the wounded and the home front
• russian feb 23, 1917 international women's day protests for the mismanaged war efforts (famine, inflation)
  • protests throughout country = Nicholas abdicated
• duma → professional government
• workers ¨soviets¨ on the rise
• competition for power on the home front but generally supportive of WWI
• april 1917: organization of bolshevik leader vladmir lenin´s passage from exile back to russia
  • lenin believed in maexist ideals
  • made speeches about ¨peace, bread, land¨ (ending the war)
  • joined by trotsky
  • lenin though violence was the way to a new society
• oct 1917: bolshevik led coup that took over government establishment
• bolsheviks tactic to rid of constitutional illusions: murder and imprison advocates for democracy
• nationalized industries + banks in 1917, trying to get out of the war
• germans offered treaty of brest-livousk (1910) which gave russia´s western holdings to germany
• communist international (comintern) in 1919 to spread communism
• groups brought together by hatred of the bolsheviks
• trotsky´s ¨red¨ army and chekha ¨whites¨ disunited in goals, which lead to defeat
• bolshevik power grew with brutality towards citizens
• 1922 union of the soviet socialist republics declared
• under bolshevik rule; industrial production fell, ~10 million dead bc of war and famine
  • healthcare + daycare centers made people could work to revive the economy
  • literacy for rural people through communist enthusiasts
• 1921: lenin declared new economic policy which had elements of capitalism to promote productivity
• jan 1924: lenin dies of a stroke

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