diseases, specific- hosa

Onchocerciasis

• River Blindness , repeated bites of infected blackflies, causing skin conditions and blindness.

Dengue

• Mosquitos, spread through tropical and subtropical climates, causes normal virus like symptoms

Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)

• Protozoan parasite transmitted by tsetse flies. Causes bumps, rashes anemia, and a disturbed sleeping pattern.

Leishmaniasis 

• There are 3 main forms of leishmaniases: visceral (the most serious form because it is almost always fatal without treatment), cutaneous (the most common, usually causing skin ulcers), and mucocutaneous (affecting mouth, nose and throat).

• Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites which are transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies.

Schistosomiasis 

• Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic disease caused by parasitic worms in water

Trachoma 

• Trachoma is a disease of the eye caused by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.

• Infection spreads through personal contact (via hands, clothes, bedding or hard surfaces) and by flies that have been in contact with discharge from the eyes or nose of an infected person. With repeated episodes of infection over many years, the eyelashes may be drawn in so that they rub on the surface of the eye. This causes pain and may permanently damage the cornea.

Taeniasis/Cysticercosis 

• T. solium taeniasis is acquired by humans through the ingestion of the parasite's larval cysts (cysticerci) in undercooked and infected pork. TAPEWORMS cause neurological problems.

Buruli Ulcer 

• Buruli ulcer is a chronic debilitating disease caused by an environmental Mycobacterium ulcerans.

• At least 33 countries with tropical, subtropical and temperate climates have reported Buruli ulcer in Africa, South America and Western Pacific regions.

• It often affects the skin and sometimes bone and can lead to permanent disfigurement and long-term disability.

Leprosy 

• Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by a type of bacteria, Mycobacterium leprae.

• The disease predominantly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Left untreated, the disease may cause progressive and permanent disabilities.

Yaws 

• Yaws is a chronic disfiguring and debilitating childhood infectious disease.

• The disease affects skin, bone and cartilage. Humans are currently believed to be the only reservoir. Transmission is from person to person.

• BAad hygiene by T Pallidum.

• Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections 

Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease)

• Dracunculiasis is a crippling parasitic disease on the verge of eradication, with 14 human cases reported in 2023 and 13 in 2022.

• From the time infection occurs, it takes between 10–14 months for the transmission cycle to complete. About this time, a mature female worm emerges from the body.

• The parasite is transmitted mostly when people drink stagnant water contaminated with parasite-infected water fleas.

Ebola Virus Disease 

• Ebola Virus

Chagas

• Chagas disease is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite (Trypanosoma cruzi). However, this condition is the result of a complex health problem typical of neglected tropical diseases and socially determined diseases. A missed or late diagnosis with absent or incomplete treatment and follow-up can transform this infection into a life-threatening condition

Malaria 

• Malaria is a life-threatening disease spread to humans by some types of mosquitoes. It is mostly found in tropical countries. It is preventable and curable.

Echinococcosis 

• Human echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus.

• Causes cysts near body, organs and skin.

Lymphatic Filariasis 

• Lymphatic filariasis (LF), commonly known as elephantiasis, is a neglected tropical disease. Infection occurs when filarial parasites are transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. Infection is usually acquired in childhood and causes hidden damage to the lymphatic system.

Rabies 

• Rabies is a vaccine-preventable, zoonotic, viral disease affecting the central nervous system. In up to 99% of the human rabies cases, dogs are responsible for virus transmission. Children between the age of 5 and 14 years are frequent victims.

Foodborne Trematode Infections

•  Snail and Fish cause severe lung and liver disease

HIV/AIDS 

• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) occurs at the most advanced stage of infection.

Tuberculosis 

• Myobacterium TB

Chikungunya 

• Mosquito , joint pain and fever

Poliomyelitis 

• Polio virus - total shock/freeze

Yellow Fever 

• Mosquito spread, caused by arbovirus

Zika Virus

• Mosquito, can cause severe malformation