2.1: (Water Monitoring)

Biological Indicators - organisms that help determine water quality. (Microbiological indicators & Aquatic Invertebrates)

PPM - (parts per million) indicator of the concentration of chemicals in the environment

Dissolved Oxygen - how much oxygen from the air is dissolved into a water source

Phosphorus & Nitrogen Content - amount of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in a water source

Acidity - how acidic a water body is

Pesticides -  substances used to kill pests that are unwanted for the growth of certain organisms.

LD50 - (Lethal Dose 50) amount of a substance that causes 50% of a group of test subjects to die if they are given a specified dose of the substance all at once

Heavy Metals - mercury, lead, copper, zinc, cadmium and nickel

Spring acid shock - concentration of acid that can dramatically lower the pH of the water for a short period of time

Toxicity - How poisonous a substance is

How to calculate ppm - Divide solute from solvent then take the answer and multiply by 1,000,000

How to calculate LD50 - Divide number of deaths from sample size then multiply the answer by 100 to turn into a percent (Remember to round)

Acute Toxicity - Serious harm after 1 dose

Chronic Toxicity - Effects noticed after substance builds up

2.2: (Air Monitoring)

Sulfur Dioxide - forms when sulfur combines with oxygen in the air. It's a major air pollutant that forms smog and acid rain. It mainly comes from industrial processes

Nitrogen Oxide - forms when nitrogen combines with oxygen as a result of fuel combustion. It gives smog its brown color and mainly comes from motor vehicles

Carbon Monoxide - a colorless & odorless gas. Its produced by incomplete combustion of chemicals containing carbon (e.g. hydrocarbons) It mainly comes from motor vehicles

Ozone - (O3) a substance that creates a layer in the atmosphere

Ground Level Ozone - When ozone combines with gas emissions, it gets closer to the earth’s surface and becomes harmful for us to breathe in

Scrubbers - Devices that remove Sulfur Dioxide & convert it into C02 & Gypsum

2.3: (Atmosphere Monitoring)

Carbon Dioxide - a greenhouse gas because its releases in large amounts into the atmosphere (human activities)

Greenhouse Effect - certain gasses trap heat from the sun & it regulates the earth’s temperature

Ozone Layer - a natural formation of ozone above Earth’s surface that protects s against UV rays

Chlorofluorocarbons - chemicals that have been the result of our thinning ozone layer, they move up into the atmosphere & have been breaking down the ozone layer.

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect - Greenhouse effect made greater by human activities that add greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere (this can create global warming)