laced on trade
Social Studies Words of the Day for 11/15/2024 Test

City-states - a sovereign state consisting of an independent city and its surrounding territory

Civilization - a society that has achieved a high level of culture, including the development of systems of government, religion, and learning

Colonialism - a policy by which a nation obtains and controls foreign lands as colonies, usually for economic gain

Colonization - the establishment of colonies

Columbian Exchange - the exchange of products, diseases, and ideas, some positive and others negative, between Europe, Africa and the Americas in the era of Christopher Columbus

Common good - for the benefit or interest of a politically organized society as a whole

Communism - a political and economic system based on the writings of Karl Marx in which the state controls the production and distribution of goods, and social classes and private ownership are discouraged

Community - any group living in the same area or having interests, work, etc. in common

Compact - binding agreement made by two or more persons or parties; covenant

Compass rose - a drawing that shows the orientation of north, south, east, and west on a map

Concurrent powers- powers shared by both the federal and state government (for example, levying taxes, borrowing money, and spending for the general welfare)

Conservation - the careful use and protection of natural resources, such as soil, forests, and water

Constitution - a document containing the system of fundamental laws of a nation, state, or society

Constitutional monarchy - monarchy in which the powers of the monarch are restricted by a constitution

Consumer - a person who buys goods or services to satisfy wants

Consumption - the using up of goods and services by consumer purchasing or in the production of other goods

Copyright - The exclusive legal rights to reproduce, publish, and sell the matter and form (as of a literary, musical, or artistic work)

Cost - something that is given up to satisfy your wants

Credit - an arrangement for deferred payment for goods and services; money available for someone to borrow

Cultural diffusion -the spread of cultural elements from one culture to another

Cultural diversity - the differences in the way groups of people live, including their customs, beliefs, and arts

Culture - learned behavior of people which includes belief systems, languages, social relationships, institutions, organizations, and material goods (food, clothing, buildings, tools) Custom – a tradition or habit

Database - a compilation, structuring, and categorization of information for analysis and interpretation

Debt - the accumulated negative balance

Deficit - a negative balance after expenditures are subtracted from revenues for a specific time period

Demand - the number of consumers willing and able to purchase a good or service at a given price

Democracy - form of government in which political control is exercised by all the people, either directly or through their elected representative

Depletion - the lessening or exhaustion of a supply

Depression - a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing business activity, falling prices, and unemployment

Dictatorship - a government system controlled by one ruler who has absolute power and usually controlled by force

Distribution - the arrangement of items over a specified area

Diversity – the inclusion of different types of people or elements

Dynasty - a family or group that maintains power for several generations

Eastern Mediterranean - includes the countries of Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Egypt; refers to the Byzantine and Muslim empires

Economic sanction - the withholding, usually by several nations, of loans or trade relations with a nation violating international law, to force it to comply

Economic system - establishes how a country produces and distributes goods and services

Economy - the production and distribution of goods and services within an economic system

Embargo - government restriction placed on trade

Emigrant - a person (migrating away from) leaving a country or area to settle in another

Eminent domain - (1) the right of a sovereign state to appropriate all or part of any property for necessary public use, making reasonable compensation; (2) The right in international law for one nation to appropriate the territory or property of another for self protection

Juxtaposition - N - the act of placing two things together next to each other for implicit comparison; The interior designer admired my juxtaposition of the yellow couch with the green table. 

Maxim -N.-a common saying expressing  a principle of conduct; Miss Manner’s etiquette maxims are both entertaining and instructional. Perhaps my favorite of Ben Franklin’s maxims is “three may keep a secret if two are dead.”

Nominal - ADJ- trifling, insignificant; Because he had to move quickly, Jordan sold everything he didn’t need for a nominal fee.

Hierarchy -N- a system with ranked groups usually according to social, economic, or professional class; Women found it very difficult to break into the upper ranks of the department’s hierarchy.

Collateral: -n- security for a debt; Jacob left his watch as collateral for the $500 loan.

Capitulate -v- to surrender; The army finally capitulated after fighting a long, costly battle.

Qualitative - adj - involving qualities of something (features and content); I noticed a qualitative change in her paintings. 

Subtle - adj. - hard to detect or analyze; I detected in her expression a subtle hint of irritation. 

Modify -v- to change, alter, or tweak; Dr. Nguyen modified the gene so that it wouldn’t carry the disease.

1st Amendment

Guarantees the right to the freedoms of speech, press, and religion. Protects the right to petition the government.

2nd Amendment

Guarantees the people's right to own and bear arms for their defense.

3rd Amendment

Citizens cannot be forced to quarter soldiers during times of peace.

4th Amendment

Citizens cannot be forced to subject themselves to seizure and search without a search warrant and probable cause.

5th Amendment (

Prohibits abuse of governmental authority in legal procedures. Establishes rules for indictment by eminent domain and grand jury. Guarantees the due process rights. Protects citizens from self-incrimination and double jeopardy.

6th Amendment

Guarantees fair and speedy jury trial and the rights to know the accusation, the accuser, and to find counsel and witnesses.

7th Amendment

Reserves individuals' rights to jury trial depending on the civil case, and cases already examined by not be re-opened by another court.

8th Amendment

Forbids exorbitant bails and fines and punishment that is unusual or cruel.

9th Amendment

Reserves the rights of citizens which are not specifically mentioned by the U.S. Constitution.

10th Amendment

Reserves powers that are not given to the U.S. government under the Constitution, nor prohibited to a State of the U.S., to the people and the States.

11th Amendment

State sovereign immunity. States are protected from suits by citizens living in another state or foreigners that do not reside within the state borders. Ratified: Feb. 7, 1795

12th Amendment

Modifies and clarifies the procedure for electing vice-presidents and presidents.

13th Amendment

Except as punishment for criminal offense, forbids forced-slavery and involuntary servitude.

14th Amendment

Details Equal Protection Clause, Due Process Clause, Citizenship Clause, and clauses dealing with the Confederacy and its officials.

15th Amendment

Reserves citizens the suffrage rights regardless of their race, color, or previous slave status

16th Amendment

Reserves the U.S. government the right to tax income.

17th Amendment

Establishes popular voting as the process under which senators are elected.

18th Amendment

Denies the sale and consumption of alcohol.

19th Amendment

Reserves women's suffrage rights.

20th Amendment

Also known as the "lame duck amendment," establishes date of term starts for Congress (January 3) & the President (January 20).

21st Amendment

Details the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment. State laws over alcohol are to remain.

22nd Amendment

Limit the terms that an individual can be elected as president (at most two terms). Individuals who have served over two years of someone else's term may not be elected more than once.

23rd Amendment

Reserves the right of citizens residing in the District of Columbia to vote for their own Electors for presidential elections.

24th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the suffrage rights for not paying a poll tax or any other taxes.

25th Amendment

Establishes the procedures for a successor of a President.

26th Amendment

Reserves the right for citizens 18 and older to vote.

27th Amendment

Denies any laws that vary the salaries of Congress members until the beginning of the next terms of office for Representatives.