psylife4_ch13_lecppt

Theories of Self and Personality Perspectives

1. Psychodynamic Perspective

The psychodynamic theory emphasizes the impact of unconscious conflicts on personality, shaped by the id, ego, and superego. For example, Alex seeks instant gratification (id) but feels guilt (superego), leading to compulsive shopping and regret, illustrating how internal conflicts influence behavior.

2. Humanistic Perspective

This approach focuses on self-actualization and positive traits. Taylor, a school counselor who shows unconditional positive regard, encourages her students to realize their worth, promoting personal growth and positive self-esteem.

3. Social Cognitive Perspective

Personality is shaped by cognition and experiences. Jordan, a public speaker, gains confidence from positive feedback. Using Bandura's Reciprocal Determinism, her belief in her abilities drives her to seek opportunities that reinforce self-efficacy, influencing her assertiveness.

4. Trait Perspective

The trait perspective views personality as defined by consistent traits. Emma scores high in Extraversion and Agreeableness, making her sociable and well-liked, consistent with Eysenck's model that links high extraversion to outgoing behavior.