12/15/24

Universal numbers for all cuspids in the mouth: 6, 11, 22, 27

Identification of cuspid location: You can determine where a cuspid belongs by examining the length of the sides at the bottom or uppermost edge of the cuspid. Check if the distal side is longer or the medial side, which indicates its position in the mouth. Furthermore, to establish if it's a mandibular or maxillary cuspid, observe the direction in which the root is pointing.

Boundary between crown and root: The boundary is called the cementoenamel junction

Tooth with three cusps: The correct answer is the mandibular second premolar

Tooth surface facing the cheek: This surface is known as the buccal surface

Part of the mandible connecting with the temporal bone: the condyle

Correct sequence of steps: The correct sequence is alginate impression, custom tray, beading and boxing

Proper vertical dimension of maxilla and mandible: Max: 22mm, Mandible: 18mm (Correctly noted as Max: 22" Mandible 18")

Registration marks placement on maxillary rim: Place at the labial and buccal frenums, Distal and Mesial to the midline, and At the cuspid lines and the midline

Purpose of the post palatal seal: To create a suction seal at the vibrating line and to prevent food from coming between the denture and the palate

Purpose of a dovetail when repairing a denture: The dovetail serves to make the repair more pleasing to the eye, achieve a chemical bond, and aid in the mechanical adhesion between the broken parts

Enamel: Location: Outermost layer of the crown of the tooth. Function: Protects the tooth from wear, decay, and external forces (chewing, biting).

Dentin: Location: Beneath the enamel and cementum, forms the bulk of the tooth. Function: Provides structural support to enamel. Softer than enamel, can transmit sensations (e.g., pain, pressure) through microscopic tubules when exposed.

Pulp: Location: Central part of the tooth (pulp chamber and root canals). Function: Contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. Supplies nutrients and sensory function to the tooth. Plays a role in tooth development during growth.

Cementum: Location: Covers the root of the tooth, below the gum line. Function: Anchors the tooth to the alveolar bone via the periodontal ligament. Provides protection to the root and supports overall stability

Periodontal Ligament (Not a tooth tissue but crucial): Location: Connective tissue between the cementum and alveolar bone. Function: Absorbs shock during chewing. Keeps the tooth securely in place.

Masseter: Location: Runs from the zygomatic arch to the ramus of the mandible. Function: Elevates the mandible (closes the jaw). Assists in chewing by generating strong force.

Temporalis: Location: Broad, fan-shaped muscle on the temporal bone, attaching to the coronoid process of the mandible. Function: Elevates the mandible (closes the jaw). Retracts the mandible (pulls it backward).

Medial Pterygoid: Location: Runs from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate to the inner surface of the mandibular ramus. Function: Elevates the mandible (closes the jaw). Assists in lateral (side-to-side) movements of the mandible.

Lateral Pterygoid: Location: Runs from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate to the condylar process of the mandible and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Function: Depresses the mandible (opens the jaw). Protrudes the mandible (moves it forward). Assists in lateral (side-to-side) movements of the mandible.