MYP - I&S Unit 4 - Lesson 1 native american review

Treaties and Laws Related to Native Americans

• Fort Laramie Treaty (1851, 1868): A treaty between the U.S. government and various Native American tribes, granting specific land to Native Americans while allowing westward expansion for white settlers. However, the treaty was repeatedly violated.

• Indian Appropriation Act (1871): A law that ended the recognition of Native American tribes as independent nations and placed them under U.S. government control.

• Medicine Lodge Treaty (1867): A treaty between the U.S. and Southern Plains tribes (Comanche, Kiowa, Cheyenne, etc.), requiring Native Americans to move to reservations.

• Dancing Rabbit Creek Treaty (1830): A treaty that forced the Choctaw Nation to relocate west of the Mississippi River, marking the beginning of the Trail of Tears.

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848): The treaty that ended the Mexican-American War, granting the U.S. territories such as California, Arizona, and New Mexico.

Native American Massacres and Battles

• Sand Creek Massacre (1864): A massacre in which Colorado militia attacked Cheyenne and Arapaho villages, killing over 200 Native Americans, including women and children.

• Battle at Horseshoe Bend (1814): A battle where U.S. forces, led by Andrew Jackson, killed over 800 Creek warriors.

• Custer’s Last Stand / Battle of Little Bighorn (1876): A battle where Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors defeated George Custer’s troops. Although a major victory for Native Americans, it led to harsher U.S. policies against them.

• The Battle of Adobe Walls (1874): A battle where Comanche and Kiowa warriors fought against U.S. settlers but were ultimately defeated.

• Fort Robinson Massacre (1879): A massacre in which U.S. soldiers killed Cheyenne prisoners who attempted to escape from a reservation.

U.S. Westward Expansion Policies and Concepts

• Homestead Act (1862): A law that encouraged western settlement by granting 160 acres of land to settlers for free.

• Manifest Destiny: The belief that the U.S. was destined to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific, often used to justify Native American displacement.

• American Exceptionalism: The idea that the U.S. has a unique historical mission, which was used to justify Native American assimilation and imperialist expansion.

• Forced Assimilation: A policy that aimed to absorb Native Americans into white American culture by forcing changes in language, religion, and lifestyle.

• Boarding Schools: Schools where Native American children were forcibly taken to be educated in white American ways, suppressing their traditional culture and language.

Railroads and Transportation Infrastructure

• Transcontinental Railroad (1869): A railroad that connected the east and west coasts of the U.S., accelerating white settlement and Native American displacement.

• Promontory Point (1869): The location in Utah where the eastern (Union Pacific) and western (Central Pacific) sections of the Transcontinental Railroad were connected.

U.S.-Mexico Relations and Territorial Expansion

• Louisiana Purchase (1803): A land deal in which the U.S. bought a vast territory from France, setting the stage for the Lewis and Clark Expedition.

• Mexican-American War (1846-1848): A war between the U.S. and Mexico, resulting in the U.S. acquiring much of the present-day western United States.

• Rio Nueces vs. Rio Grande: A border dispute between the U.S. and Mexico, with the U.S. claiming the Rio Grande as the border while Mexico claimed the Nueces River.

• 54'40 or Fight: A slogan advocating U.S. expansion into the Oregon Territory, reflecting tensions between the U.S. and Britain over the region.

Native American Culture and Traditions

• The Powhatan Tribe: A Native American tribe from present-day Virginia, known for its interactions with English settlers, including the famous figure Pocahontas.

• Ghost Dance: A religious movement among Native Americans that called for the restoration of their lands and way of life. The U.S. government saw it as a threat and violently suppressed it.

Key U.S. Political Figures and Court Cases

• James K. Polk: The 11th U.S. president, known for his aggressive expansion policies, including the annexation of Oregon, Texas, and California.

• Georgia vs. Worcester (1832): A Supreme Court case that ruled in favor of Native American sovereignty, but President Andrew Jackson ignored the ruling and continued forced removals.

Diseases and Other Events

• Smallpox: A deadly disease brought to the Americas by Europeans, which decimated Native American populations.

• Buffalo Bill Cody: A frontiersman who popularized the Wild West Show, a performance that exaggerated and romanticized Native American conflicts, reinforcing negative stereotypes.