Recording-2025-02-03T14:10:58

The study of different criminal justice systems across various countries is essential for understanding global crimes and justice mechanisms.
Current events and recent incidents offer insight into the significance of international collaboration in combating crime.

International Cooperation: Italy alerted U.S. authorities about child pornography activities linked to individuals in the U.S.
*Investigation: The case highlighted issues of child sex tourism, particularly in Romania, involving communication between a North Hollywood man and an Italian national.
Global Framework: Without international agreements, such cooperation may not be possible, emphasizing the importance of treaties and collaboration among nations.

Differentiate between international and comparative criminal justice.
Recognize the value of comparing criminal systems to improve justice globally.
Discuss the impact of globalization on crime.
Explore how the approaches of different countries can inform changes in criminal justice practices.
Understand the historical and political contexts that shaped present legal systems.

Patterns of Crime: By comparing criminal justice systems, researchers can identify trends and patterns in crime (e.g., high theft rates in car-abundant countries).
Factors Influencing Crime: Understanding socio-economic factors can explain differing crime rates across countries.
Criminal Justice Systems: Examination of humane incarceration practices in countries such as Norway, renowned for their rehabilitative approaches.

Definition: The study of crime's causes and patterns across different cultures.
Key Questions: Why do certain crimes prevail in specific countries? What sociological factors influence crime rates?
Example: The disparity of human trafficking prevalence in the U.S. compared to countries like Germany.

Transnational Crimes: Involve criminal acts across national boundaries (e.g., drug trafficking, cybercrime).
International Crimes: Concern violations of peace and security within a single country (e.g., genocide).
Case Example: The Rwandan genocide exemplifies an international crime, where nations may intervene under treaties to uphold human rights.

Countries that commit human rights abuses can face international intervention based on treaties (e.g., NATO agreements).
Interpol's Role: Operates as a global police body capable of apprehending suspects involved in transnational crimes, albeit with challenges during conflicts.
Recent Examples: Notable crimes involving illicit goods and firearms pose significant threats to safety in urban areas.

Illicit Activities Include:
- Drug trafficking
- Human trafficking
- Cybercrime
- Counterfeiting goods (e.g., perfumes).
Interesting Perspective: Discussions surrounding "victimless crimes" wherein individuals knowingly partake in illegal activities while the government regulates it for economic reasons.

Purpose: To hold leaders accountable for international crimes that jeopardize citizen safety (e.g., crimes against humanity).
Example Case: The conviction of former Liberian President Charles Taylor for war crimes committed during civil unrest highlights the court's functions.

Historical Framework: The roots of comparative justice emerged in the 1700s, emphasizing the importance of humane legal practices.
Key Figures: Cesare Beccaria, considered the father of criminology, advocated for reforms in punitive practices.
Data Collection Challenges: Historical data gathering faced limitations due to communication and technological constraints.

Shift in the 1960s: The establishment of the United Nations' role in criminal justice post-World War II highlighted a commitment to preventing atrocities.
Collaborative Efforts: Various organizations such as WHO and Interpol work to collect and analyze crime statistics globally.
Victim Surveys: These offer valuable insights into unreported crimes and help inform policies based on comprehensive data.

Definition: Critical thinking enables a deeper understanding of crime phenomena and factors influencing public perception.
Application: Students are encouraged to explore various viewpoints and weigh them objectively to develop informed opinions on crime-related issues.
Discussion Examples: Topics like the death penalty prompt critical analysis of moral arguments and effectiveness in deterring crime.

Moving Beyond Ethnocentrism: Comparing diverse legal systems fosters empathy and understanding of differing cultural norms surrounding law.
Sources of Law: Different countries are influenced by varied legal traditions, including common law (e.g., England) and sacred law (e.g., Saudi Arabia).

Interdependence: Increased global connectivity facilitates transnational crime while underscoring the need for cooperative legal frameworks to manage these issues.
Technological Influence: Advancements in communication and transport promote international crime while necessitating comprehensive countermeasures.
Criminal Justice Models: Analyze six model countries (England, France, Germany, China, Japan, Saudi Arabia) to understand their approaches to law and order.

Broader Understanding: Studying various cultural responses to crime enhances the ability to create effective criminal justice policies.
Continuous Learning: Engaging deeply with different legal frameworks and societal values strengthens the foundation of criminal justice education.

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