Metallic Bonding Notes
- Definition: Metallic bonding results from the attraction between metal atoms and a sea of delocalized electrons.
- Unique Properties of Metals:
- Excellent Electrical Conductors in solid state due to freely roaming electrons.
- Thermal Conductivity attributed to mobile electrons.
- Malleability: Ability to be hammered into thin sheets.
- Ductility: Ability to be stretched into wires.
- Shiny Appearance: Reflective properties from the interaction of light with delocalized electrons.
Electron-Sea Model
- Orbital Overlap: In metals, the outer energy level orbitals overlap, allowing electrons to move freely.
- Delocalization: Electrons do not belong to any specific atom but form a collective pool around metal atoms.
Bond Strength and Characteristics
- Metallic Bond Strength Factors:
- Nuclear charge of metal atoms.
- Amount of electrons in the electron sea.
- Entailpy of Vaporization: Energy absorbed to convert a substance into vapor at constant pressure.