Untitled Flashcards Set

Introduction

• The New Kingdom period of ancient Egypt (c. 1550–1070 BCE) featured pharaohs relying on vassal rulers.

• Vassals supported Egyptian foreign policy, military campaigns, and diplomacy.

• Key figures explored: Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, Ramesses I, Seti I, and Ramesses II.

Tutankhamun (c. 1332–1323 BCE)

• Influenced by two figures: Ay and Horemheb.

  • Ay: Powerful regent, maintained diplomatic relations, known for his strategic marriages and alliances, restored traditional religious practices post-Amarna.

  • Horemheb: Army commander, became pharaoh post-Tutankhamun, oversaw military campaigns to secure borders.

Ay (c. 1323–1319 BCE)

• Key figures: Nakhtmin and Nay.

  • Nakhtmin: Crown prince illustrating Egypt's dynastic politics and succession strategy for stability.

  • Nay: High-ranking official showing the importance of administrative roles in supporting diplomatic ties.

Horemheb (c. 1319–1292 BCE)

• Rising figures: Paramessu and Paatenemheb.

  • Paramessu (Ramesses I): Vizier and military leader; continuity of military and administrative power; influenced later relations under Ramesses II.

  • Paatenemheb: Chief of the Medjay overseeing Nubian territories, highlighting military's role in governance of vassal states.

Ramesses I (c. 1292–1290 BCE)

• Important figures in foreign relations: Seti I and Yupa.

  • Seti I: Vizier and military commander, crucial for consolidating authority and expanding influence over vassals.

  • Yupa: Royal scribe, managed documentation for effective communication of foreign policies.

Seti I (c. 1290–1279 BCE)

• Notable figures: Ramesses II and Nebamun.

  • Ramesses II: Crown prince, active in military campaigns, pivotal for future successes as pharaoh.

  • Nebamun: Chief of the Treasury managing economic relations, vital for tribute collection and economic dominance.

Ramesses II (c. 1279–1213 BCE)

• Key figures: Khaemweset and Merenptah.

  • Khaemweset: Religious figure and administrator, worked on cultural assimilation through religious practices and monument restoration.

  • Merenptah: Military leader securing western borders, crucial for maintaining Egypt’s authority.

Conclusion

• Relationships with vassal rulers highlight Egypt's reliance on military strength, diplomacy, and administrative control.

• Vassals played key roles in military service, administration, and diplomacy, ensuring stability and power in the New Kingdom.