socialisation

Society

-              An organised group of people associated for a specific purpose or with a shared common interest

Application to sport

-              Success in sport on a global scale reflects on the status of the nation/society in the world

·      Can also improve national identity and pride

-              The Ashes – England vs Australia

-              The Olympics – USA vs Russia

Socialisation

-              A lifelong process where members of a society learn it’s norms, values, ideas, practises and roles in order to take their place in society

Primary socialisation

-              Socialisation during early childhood through influence of immediate family

-              .

-              The majority of socialisation occurs here as families teach basic values and accepted behaviours patterns

-              Play is a vital aspect of developing socialisation

-              Families often use sport as a vehicle for bonding (walking, cycling) or parents becoming involves in their child’s sporting endeavours (coaching, transporting, watching)

Secondary socialisation

-              Socialisation in teenage years through influence of peer groups, friends, and school

-              .

-              Teenage and adult years – family have less of an impact as peers, friendship groups and school exert more influence

-              School and PE play an important role in socialisation

-              Gender socialisation (learning the behaviours and attitudes historically associated with your sex) has more of an influence at this age

Social processes – 22.01.25

Social control and social change

Social control

-              The way in which people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance and behaviours are regulated in social systems

-              Society has many institutions (an established organisation founded for religious, educational, professional, or social purpose)

-              All the institutions work together to facilitate socialisation for an individual

FAMILY, FRIENDS, SCHOOL, SPORTS CLUBS, SOCIAL CLUBS

In relation to sport

-              Society has historically been male dominated

-              Some societies, like religions, place restrictions on what is acceptable behaviour to display

-              Time and money

·      Women tend to have less disposable income

·      Women are less free/have less free time

-              Some gender inequalities still exist

·      Husbands may disapprove of their wives taking part in a violent sport

·      Women are supposed to look feminine which can rule out muscular sports like boxing and weightlifting.

Social change

-              An alteration in the social order of a society (changing the social control of a society)

In order for social change to be effective, there is a need for strong influence – NGB’s

-              A local council providing childcare facilities to overcome the social control

-              Sport England recognising the fact that women’s participation in sport is lower than men’s – This girl can campaign

-              Some ethnic groups face constraints on their participation in sport, some of which come from the family unit themselves. Strong role models can make social change

Social inequality

-              When resources in society are unevenly distributed among socially defined categories of people

-              Sex and gender

-              Money

-              Ethnicity and race

-              Disability

-              Historic sexism that men are better than women

-              Many women play sport at the same level bet receive less income

-              Disabled athletes are likely to receive less income and funding than able bodied athletes

Social class and social stratification

-              Social structures exist and have an impact on the path the individual’s life will follow – private vs state school

Social stratification – a type of social inequality where society is divided into different levels

-              Position determines opportunity – more resources at the top

Modern day social stratification

-              A number of underrepresented groups in terms of sports involvement

-              Hugh power positions in institutions like NGB’s are typically held by white males from the middle class – public school boys

-              Children from low-income families tend to have poorer health – limit physical development

-              sport England’s active lives survey shows disparities between different socio-economic groups and their uptake in sport

Social action theory – 29.01.25

The influence on physical activity and sport

‘sport is produced and developed at a particular time through the relationships and social networks of people who share similar views

-              an internationalist theory that suggests that people can intervene in social processes and change them

-              an example of social action can be where a social group protests against the norm

-              e.g. making a change to existing stereotypes in sport

Equal opportunities

-              all people should be treated the same, unhampered by discrimination, prejudice, or preference

Stereotyping – making simple generalisations about all members of a group which allows others to categorise and treat them accordingly

Prejudice – to form an unfavourable opinion of an individual, often based on inadequate facts

Discrimination – the unfair treatment of a person, or minority group – to act on prejudice

Overt discrimination – obvious discrimination

Covert discrimination - hidden