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Topic 1

==1.1 Anthropometrics==

Anthropometrics - The measurement of the human body regarding the size, strength and physical capacity

Types of Data:

Static - measurements of the subject while they are in a fixed position (ex. sitting in a chair)

Dynamic - measurements of the subject while they are in motion (ex. driving a car)

Primary - Data collected by the designer. Primary research is used to collect data that does not exist, is dated, and most commonly to cross-reference secondary data.

Secondary - data collected from other sources

Range of Sizes - A selection of sizes a product is made in that caters for the majority of a market.

Percentile	On what type of product it should be applied to
5% and bellow	People at the 5% should be able to have an easy reach on/to/in a product because if they are able to reach then everyone else would be able to as well (ex. computer mouse).
Average	Average people should be able to comfortably use the product, as it applies to the people on either side of the graph (ex. chair).
95% and higher	People at the 95% should be able to have a comfortable clearance on/to/in a product because if they have enough clearance everyone would as well (ex. door).

Ergonomics - The science of refining the design of products to optimize them for human use

Shape, form, color, texture
Ease of use
Comfort in use
Mapping and user interfaces
Affordance and logic of the user
User experience.

Physical

The physical interaction between the person and the object. This includes worksite development, posture, repetitive stress, and more

Cognitive

The effect that objects have on a person's mental processes. This includes memory, perception, reasoning, and more

Organizational

Ways that complex systems can be easily understood by a group of people. This includes communications, work hours management, teamwork, and more

Bio-mechanics - The application of mechanical laws on living organisms

Clearance - the physical space between the objects

Reach - A range that a person can stretch to touch or grasp an object from a specified position.

Adjustability - The ability of a product to be changed in size commonly used to increase the range of percentiles that a product is appropriate for

Organoleptic - The reaction of human senses when exposed to different stimuli

Stimulus	Factors Affecting
Sight	Ease of visibility, readability, computer screen, natural or artificial lighting
Hearing	Pitch, frequency, volume, mobile phones, background noise
Touch	Texture, grip, friction, temperature, keyboards, dentistry tools
Taste	Ingestions of toxins, children’s toys
Smell	Aroma, perfume, odor, workspaces, air quality

Human Information Processing System Reasons:

Age – too young and maybe have not learnt the skills (long term memory), too old maybe forget what to do, or too weak to carry out the task.
Strength – too weak to carry out the task
Skills – do not have the necessary skills yet, may have forgotten he skills, skills needed are too complex
Health – when mental or physical health is comprised which may lead to not carrying out the necessary tasks.
Environmental factors – see below for more details

Environmental Factors:

Air Quality
Building acoustics
Lighting
Worker density

Alertness - The level of vigilance, readiness or caution of an individual

Human Error - slips and mistakes done by people resulted by automatic behaviour or subconsciousness

Ways of Measuring:

Nominal - listing a student's subjects; can be indexed using a number

Ordinal - preferences like ranking something from 1 - 5

Interval - agreement on a scale 1-5 (from Agree to Disagree)

Ratio - true Zero Point like a ruler

==1.2 Psychological Factors==

Psychological factors - human factor data related to psychological interpretations caused by light, smell, sound, taste, temperature and texture

Examples of Psychological Factors:

Smell
Light
Sound
Text
Texture
Temperature
Value - May be perceived as a function of cost, features, prestige, rarity etc. or a
combination of these factors

Methods of collecting psychological factor data:

Nominal (Data) Scale – Nominal means ‘by name’ and used in classification or division of objects into discrete groups. Each of which is identified with a name e.g. category of cars, and the scale does not provide any measurement within or between categories.
Ordinal (Data) Scale – A statistical data type that exists on an arbitrary numerical scale where the exact numerical value has no significance other than to rank a set of data points. Deals with the order or position of items such as words, letters, symbols or numbers arranged in a hierarchical order. Quantitative assessment cannot be made
Interval (Data) Scale – Interval data are based on numeric scales in which we know the order and the exact difference between the values. Organised into even divisions or intervals, and intervals are of equal size.
Ratio (Data) Scale – A ratio scale allows you to compare differences between numbers. For example, use a rating scale of 1-10 to evaluate user responses.