AP World History Modern Cumulative First Semester Final Study Guide

Chapter 1

1. In what ways did a gathering and hunting economy shape other aspects of Paleolithic societies? (Choose the statement that is not true)

   There was no gender-based division of labor in Paleolithic societies.

2. To what extent were Buddhist teachings similar to Hindu beliefs? (Choose the statement that is not true)

   Rejected a spiritual caste system and the offering of sacrifices.

3. How did the evolution of cultural traditions in India and China differ from one another? (Choose the statement that is not true)

   Indian cultural traditions clashed with a caste-based social system

4. What was distinctive about the Jewish religious tradition? (Choose the statement that is not true)

   Yahweh was a god who did not act within the historical process

5. In what ways was Christianity transformed in the five centuries following the death of Jesus? (Choose the statement that is not true)

   The emerging Christian movement became unified under the leadership of the pope.

6. How are the teachings of the Quran regarding social justice and the poor similar to the teachings of Buddhism and Christianity? (Choose the statement that is not true) All three sought religious equality through a union between church and state

7. Buddhism and Hinduism are similar because they both:

   offered hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth.

8. Which of the following describes how Confucianism affected Chinese society? Confucianism placed a high value on education and ritual

9. What did Buddhism and Christianity have in common?

   They both started out as an effort to reform the religions from which they had come but soon emerged as separate religions

10. Which of the following statements expresses a view of women found in the Quran? Women were spiritually equal to men.

11. Which of the following included a distinctively supernatural dimension?

    Mahayana Buddhism

Chapter 2

1. Why are the centuries of the Song dynasty in China sometimes referred to as a “golden age”? (Choose the answer that is NOT true)

   There was an explosion of scholarship that gave rise to Neo-Buddhism.

2. Evaluate the similarities and differences in the influence China had on Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. In what ways was that influence resisted? (Choose the answer that is NOT true)

   Just like Korea or Japan, the cultural heartland of Vietnam was fully incorporated into the Chinese state for over a thousand years

3. In what different ways did Japanese and Korean women experience the pressures of traditional Confucian teachings? (Choose the answer that is NOT true)

   Despite cultural advancements, elite Japanese women lost the right to inherit property.

4. What were the major political and cultural effects of the Crusades? (Choose the answer that is NOT true)

   The Crusades had a lasting political and cultural impact in the Middle East.

5. How does the Inca employment of bureaucrats compare to that of other societies, such as China? (Choose the answer that is NOT true)

   Both the Inca and Chinese empires represent rags-to-riches stories in which modest people created by military conquest the largest states in their respective regions

6. What distinguished the Aztec and Inca empires from each other? (Choose the answer that is NOT true)

   The Inca Empire extracted substantial tribute in the form of goods from its subject populations, while the Aztecs primarily extracted labor services from their subjects.

7. Which of the following describes the process of conversion to Eastern Orthodox Christianity in Kievan Rus?

   It was a freely made decision on the part of Prince Vladimir of Kiev, who chose Eastern Orthodox Christianity to unify his people.

8. Which of the following was evidence of the expansion and growth of European civilization during the High Middle Ages?

   There was a considerable increase in long-distance trade.

9. How did economic growth and urbanization during the High Middle Ages affect women in Western Europe?

   Women practiced trades and sometimes trained female apprentices.

10. Which statement describes the relationship between the civilizations in Mesoamerica and those in the Andes?

    They had little if any direct contact with each other.

11. As Islam spread between 1200 and 1600, it affected gender relations in which of the following ways?

    Existing local customs regarding marriage and the role of women blended with Islamic models.

Chapter 3

1. How did the Silk Road trade affect peasants in China?

   Peasants focused more on producing luxury goods.

2. In contrast to the Silk Roads, the Sea Roads of the Indian Ocean:

   carried more products for a mass market.

3. Which of the following describes the Swahili civilization's relationship with the people who lived in the interior?

   Swahili cities operated as intermediaries for people from the interior to sell their goods to Arab merchants.

4. Why did the maritime expeditions of the Indian Ocean basin sponsored by the Ming emperor suddenly stop in 1433?

   The emperor's successors viewed expansion as a waste of resources.

5. The Sand Roads linked North Africa and the Mediterranean world to the land and peoples of:

   interior West Africa.

6. Which statement characterizes the networks and webs of exchange that connected different parts of the world from 500 to 1500?

   Interaction among the major civilizations operated on a relatively equal basis.

7. Which of the following societies engaged in extensive maritime trade well beyond their borders in the fifteenth century?

   Chinese in the Indian Ocean

8. The Mongol conquests of much of Eurasia in the thirteenth century tended to encourage trade along the Silk Roads primarily by:

   decreasing the risk of bandit attacks and reducing the number of local rulers collecting tribute from trade caravans

9. Which of the following was the most important factor in the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia in the period circa 1250–1500 C.E.?

   The activities of Muslim traders and Sufi missionaries

10. In the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E., merchant diaspora communities, such as those of Muslims in India, Chinese in Southeast Asia, and Jews in the Mediterranean, had which of the following in common?

    They generally introduced their own cultural practices into the local cultures.

11. Which of the following contributed to the Chinese government’s decision to stop voyages of exploration in the Indian Ocean in the early fifteenth century? Government concern with domestic problems and frontier security

Chapter 4

1. Which of the following was a reason that Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain were the first to expand into the New World?

   They were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas.

2. Which of the following highlights the intersection between the Little Ice Age and the phenomenon scholars term the General Crisis?

   Climatic changes exacerbated conditions that led to popular unrest.

3. How did many Native Americans in Mesoamerica and Peru respond to Spanish missionaries' efforts to convert them to Catholicism?

   They blended their old customs into Catholic practices

4. In the conflict between the Islamic and Christian worlds, which event in the fifteenth century signaled that the Islamic world held the upper hand?

   The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople

5. What contributed to higher literacy rates in the British colonies in North America than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America?

   Protestantism, which was practiced by most British colonists, encouraged reading the Bible for oneself.

6. Which of the following accurately describes a significant difference between the Ottoman and Mughal Empires in the early seventeenth century?

   The Ottomans ruled over people who were predominantly Muslim, while the Mughals did not

7. Which of the following describes a major cause of the expansion of the Ottoman Empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

   Exploitation of artillery and small arms gave the Ottomans advantages over many of their political rivals.

8. Which of the following contributed most to the emergence of Russia as an expanding Eurasian power in the period between 1450 and 1750?

   Its absorption of traditions and technology from the Byzantine Empire and western Europe

9. The transfer of which of the following as part of the Columbian Exchange had the greatest effect on human migration patterns before 1800?

   Sugarcane

10. Which of the following was a major similarity among European colonial empires in the Americas in the period 1450-1750?

    Enslavement of African peoples and subjugation of Amerindians

11. Which of the following describes an accurate similarity between the Qing and Russian empires in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

    Both had vast territories with peoples of various ethnicities and languages.

Chapter 5

1. Which of the following marked a major turning point in the relationship between China and Christian missionaries?

   The pope's claim of authority over Chinese Christians

2. What factor made some parts of the world more receptive to Christianity than others? The absence of a literate world religion

3. Which of the following is an example of how Mughal India handled religious differences in the early modern era?

   Akbar formulated a state cult that combined elements of Islam, Hinduism, and Zoroastrianism

4. Scholars have identified which of the following as a key factor that contributed to the Scientific Revolution in Europe?

   The relative independence of European universities

5. How was the Enlightenment related to the Scientific Revolution?

   The Enlightenment applied the idea of natural laws to human affairs rather than the physical universe.

6. Which of the following reflects the Enlightenment view of the innate qualities of the individual?

   Thoughtful, rational, and independent

7. Which of the following regions saw the most profound religious divisions resulting from the Reformation?

   The Holy Roman Empire

8. Which of the following best supports the conclusion that after 1450 C.E. interactions between the hemispheres created syncretic systems of religious belief?

   Northern Mexican peasants referred to the Christian saint Mary as Tonantzin, which was the name of a local deity.

9. Which of the following was a major change in global patterns of religious beliefs and practices in the period 1450-1750 C.E.?

   Adherents of monotheistic religions such as Christianity and Islam increased both in number and in geographic scope as a result of conquest, trade, and missionary activities.

Chapter 6

1. Which of the following characterizes how European countries sought to control trade in Asia from 1450 to 1750?

   By force of arms and conquest

2. How did the slave trade affect African states?

   Some African states depended on revenues from the slave trade.

3. Which of the following statements is true of the West African slave trade?

   European merchants waited on board their ships or in fortified port cities to purchase slaves from African merchants and elites.

4. How did the decision by the Chinese state to require payment of taxes in silver in the 1570s affect the global economy?

   The value of silver around the world skyrocketed.

5. Which of the following experienced a long-held monopoly of the European trade in Eastern goods?

   Venice

6. Which of the following describes a difference between how the British East India Company operated in Mughal India and how the Dutch East India Company operated in Indonesia in the seventeenth century?

   The British negotiated treaties with local Indian rulers, while the Dutch established control through conquest and colonization.

7. Which of the following distinguished the Atlantic slave trade in the Americas from past instances of slavery in world history?

   Slave status was associated with race.

8. Which of the following describes how the fur trade affected indigenous peoples in North America?

   It generated warfare among different groups of Native Americans.

9. All of the following resulted from the growth of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa EXCEPT:

   The exclusion of Africa from the emerging global market

Chapter 7

1. Which of the following is true of the women's movement by the early 1900s?

   In the most industrialized countries of the West, it was a mass movement

2. Which of the following was an effect of the Haitian Revolution throughout the Atlantic world?

   Slave owners and whites were filled with a deep caution and fear

3. Which of the following was an effect of the Haitian Revolution throughout the Atlantic world?

   Slave owners and whites were filled with a deep caution and fear

4. Why have the Atlantic revolutions been described as democratic revolutions? Because their overall thrust was to extend political rights further than ever before. because they wanted to extend political rights further.

5. How did the Atlantic revolutions influence subsequent movements that spread throughout Europe in the nineteenth century?

   All were committed to republicanism and social equality

6. How did the end of the international slave trade affect Africa?

   Reliance on slave labor increased in West and East Africa

7. In contrast to the American Revolution, the French Revolution:

   was driven by sharp conflicts within French society and a much more violent, far-reaching, and radical character. sought to re-create society from scratch.

8. The Atlantic revolutions challenged the absolute and divine authority of:

   monarchies

9. Which of the following was a result of the end of slavery in the Atlantic world?

   New forms of dependent labor like sharecropping emerged

10. In response to Napoleon's conquest and reform of European lands outside France, the people in the conquered lands:

    accepted many of the reforms but revolted against French control.

11. Which of the following was an outcome of the American Revolution?

    Existing democratic tendencies in the colonial societies were accelerated

12. Which of the following has been offered as a reason why the American Revolution was actually a conservative movement?

    It was an effort to preserve the existing liberties of the colonies.

13. When was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen written, and what impact did it have at the time?

    It was written August 26, 1789, shortly after the revolution began and became the philosophical core of the French Revolution.