WHAP Units 5&6 Vocabulary

Precision – The quality of being exact and accurate, often crucial in scientific and industrial advancements during the Industrial Revolution.

Combustion – The process of burning, significant in powering steam engines and fueling the Industrial Revolution.

Sought – Actively pursued or searched for; often refers to resources, labor, or political change in this period.

Transnational – Extending beyond national boundaries; used to describe global trade networks and businesses.

Suffrage – The right to vote, particularly relevant to women’s suffrage movements and expanded democracy.

Contraction – A decrease in size, number, or range, such as economic contractions during depressions.

Evolution – The process of gradual change, both in biological terms (Darwinism) and in societal structures.

Profound – Having deep meaning or significance, often describing ideological shifts in politics and economics.

Tendency – An inclination toward a particular characteristic or type of behavior, such as tendencies toward nationalism.

Semi-coerced – A labor system in which workers are not fully enslaved but are forced to work under restrictive conditions, such as indentured servitude.

Solidarity – Unity among individuals with a common interest, often seen in labor unions and revolutionary movements.

Vindication – Justification or proof that something is correct, often related to political movements and ideologies.

Enclave – A distinct cultural or social group within a larger area, such as ethnic enclaves in industrial cities.

Fundamental – Forming a necessary base or core, often applied to economic and political principles.

Consumer – A person who purchases goods and services, increasingly relevant with the rise of capitalism.

Investments – The act of putting money into financial ventures for profit, crucial to industrial expansion.

Pre-industrial – The time period before industrialization, characterized by agrarian economies.

Criticism – The analysis and judgment of ideas, such as critiques of capitalism and industrialization.

Restructuring – The reorganization of an institution or system, often in response to political or economic needs.

Influence – The power to shape policies, economies, or ideologies, seen in imperialism and global trade.

Justified – Shown to be right or reasonable, often used in the context of revolutions and reforms.

Propel – To push or drive forward, such as new technologies propelling industrial growth.

Implement – To put a plan or system into effect, such as implementing new labor laws.

Feminism – The movement for women's rights, particularly suffrage and equality.

Labor – Work, particularly in reference to industrial and agricultural labor systems.

Capital – Wealth in the form of money or assets, used to invest in production and industry.

Mining – The extraction of valuable minerals, significant during the Industrial Revolution.

Ideologies – Systems of thought and belief, such as capitalism, socialism, and nationalism.

Pensions – Payments made to retired workers, emerging as a labor reform in industrial societies.

Mitigated – Made less severe, often used in reference to attempts to reduce harsh labor conditions.

Underwent – Experienced or endured a process, such as nations undergoing industrialization.

Commonality – Shared characteristics, often used in discussing cultural or social groups.

Rebellions – Uprisings against authorities, such as the Taiping Rebellion or Boxer Rebellion.

Critique – A detailed analysis and assessment, often of political or economic systems.

Indentured Servitude – A labor system in which workers agreed to work for a set time in exchange for passage to a new land.

Migrant – A person who moves from one place to another, often for work opportunities.

Resolutions – Formal decisions or statements, such as resolutions made at political assemblies.

Fossil Fuels – Natural fuels like coal and oil that powered industrial machinery.

Array – A large grouping or variety, such as an array of new technologies in the 19th century.

Economic – Related to trade, industry, and money, key to the transformations of the period.

Industry – The production of goods, central to industrialization.

Reforms – Changes made to improve systems, such as labor reforms in response to poor working conditions.

Sanitation – Public health measures, which improved with urbanization.

Emulated – Imitated or followed, such as how Japan emulated Western industrialization.

Revolutionary – Involving a complete or dramatic change, such as the American, French, and Haitian revolutions.

Subject – A person under the rule of a monarch or empire, as in colonial subjects.

Millenarianism – The belief in a coming transformation or apocalypse, as seen in some religious movements.

Relocate – To move to a new place, often due to economic or political pressures.

Degrees – Levels or extents of something, such as different degrees of industrialization in nations.