15.1 greenhouse gases and 15.2 introducing properties of gases

PV=nRT

Natural greenhouse gases- CO2 (Carbon dioxide), CH4 (methane), H2O (water)

These gases naturally have the ability to absorb and re-emit infrared radiation and heat energy from the sun. 

Infrared radiation hits a molecule like carbon dioxide and causes the covelent bonds to vibrate

Molecule then re-emits the infrared heat energy in all directions, with some energy going to space, but less than what would of escaped if the atmosphere and its greenhouse gases weren’t present

This results in some of the sun's heat energy being trapped in the lower atmosphere, making earth warmer than it would be otherwise

Human activities have led to the buildup of extra greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting in a average surface temperature rising as a faster rate than ever called global warming

Agriculture, forestry, industry, energy supply, waste and waste water, transportation, commercial buildings, residential buildings, electricity supply, heat supply, livestock and other reasions are activities that increase the greenhouse gas emissions

Gasgses that make up out atmosphere have significance in maintaining a suitable clomate for life through the greenhouse effect

Gases differ significantly from liquids and solids in terms of volume, shape, compressibilty and ability to mix

The particles within a gas can be modelled by the ideal gas approximation

Pressure (p) is a property of gas and can be expressed in a number of units

Gas : a substance with no fixed shape or volume

We assume that The molecules within a gas experience no intermolecular forces, have no volume individually, and exchange no energy when a collision occurs

Pressure (p) : the forces exerted by a gas on the walls of the container enclosing it

Quantify pressure by identifying the force exerted by the gas per the unit area of the container

Pressure(Pa) = Force (N)/area (m^2) 

Area is interior surface area of the container that gas collides with

100kPa = 100000Pa = 0.987 atm (weight of the atmosphere above us) (Pa = Pascal)

The Standard laboratory conditions (SLC) provides consistent standards under which experiments are conducted

The conditions are: temperature of 298K (25C) and Pressure of 100kPa (100000Pa or 0.987atm)

Molar volume is the volume of one mole of substance specified at a given temperature and pressure

The volume of one mole of ideal gas is always 24.8L mol^-1 at SLC, regardless of the formula or mass of the gaseous substance

n = V/Vm (n is mole, V is volume, Vm is 24.8L mol^-1)