APUSH Chapter 36

ABC-1 Agreement – A 1941 U.S.-Britain strategy to prioritize defeating Germany before focusing on Japan in WWII.

Executive Order 9066 – FDR’s 1942 order forcing Japanese Americans into internment camps, violating civil rights during wartime.

War Production Board (WPB) – Government agency that directed wartime manufacturing, rationed raw materials, and boosted military production.

Office of Price Administration (OPA) – Controlled inflation by setting price limits and rationing goods to prevent shortages during WWII.

National War Labor Board (NWLB) – Mediated labor disputes to prevent strikes and ensure stable wartime production.

Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act – 1943 law allowing the government to take over industries if strikes threatened war production.

WACs (Women’s Army Corps) – Female military unit providing non-combat support, freeing men for front-line duty.

WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) – U.S. Navy program for women serving in non-combat roles during WWII.

SPARs (U.S. Coast Guard Women’s Reserve) – Female service branch of the Coast Guard performing administrative and support duties.

Bracero Program – WWII agreement bringing Mexican workers to the U.S. to address farm labor shortages.

Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) – Enforced anti-discrimination policies in wartime industries, promoting racial equality in hiring.

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) – Civil rights organization founded in 1942 to combat racial segregation and discrimination.

Code Talkers – Native American soldiers, mainly Navajo, who used their language to create unbreakable military codes.

Battle of Midway – 1942 turning point in the Pacific War where the U.S. destroyed four Japanese aircraft carriers.

D-Day (June 6, 1944) – Allied invasion of Normandy, France, marking the beginning of Germany’s defeat in Europe.

V-E Day (May 8, 1945) – Victory in Europe Day, celebrating Germany’s surrender and the end of WWII in Europe.

Potsdam Conference – July 1945 meeting where Allied leaders demanded Japan’s surrender and planned post-war Europe.

Manhattan Project – Secret U.S. project developing the atomic bomb, leading to Japan’s surrender.

V-J Day (September 2, 1945) – Victory over Japan Day, marking Japan’s official surrender and the end of WWII.