Effects of connectivity 2.6

Environmental Consequences of Global Trade (December 1450)

Agricultural Transfers

• Bananas in Africa

  • Originated from Southeast Asia and introduced to Africa by merchants across the Indian Ocean.

  • Thriving conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa's rainforests contributed to the flourishing of bananas.

  • Bananas expanded the diets of local populations leading to population growth.

  • Enabled Bantu-speaking peoples to migrate beyond yam cultivation areas, as bananas provided a reliable food source.

• Champa Rice in East Asia

  • A drought-resistant rice variety introduced from the Champa Kingdom in Vietnam to China.

  • Matures quickly and allows for multiple harvests per season.

  • Resulted in increased food availability, which contributed to a population explosion in China during this period.

• Citrus Fruits

  • Sour oranges and limes were introduced into Europe by Muslim traders via Mediterranean trade routes.

  • Spread throughout Europe and North Africa, enhancing dietary variation and public health.

Spread of Disease

• Bubonic Plague

  • Also known humorously as 'the black death'.

  • Emerged in Northern China around 1331 and rapidly spread through trade routes, especially due to the efforts of the Mongols and their Pax Mongolica, which increased trade safety and connectivity.

  • Traveled across the Silk Roads and the Indian Ocean, affecting those involved in trade and caravan travel.

  • The plague's spread coincided with major trade routes and cities, emphasizing the connection between commerce and disease.

  • Had devastating effects:

    • In the Middle East, it killed nearly a third of the population.

    • In parts of Europe, it resulted in approximately half of the population dying.

Conclusion

• The period saw significant consequences stemming from agricultural transfers and the spread of diseases, highlighting the interconnectedness of regional and global trade networks.