Presente (Present Tense)

AR Verbs

ER Verbs

IR Verbs

Special Rules for Verbs in the Present Tense

1. Verbs ending in -uir
   For verbs ending in -uir, add a y to all forms except nosotros and vosotros.

   • Example: Huir → huyo, huyes, huye, huimos, huís, huyen

2. Verbs ending in consonant + -cer or -ger/-gir
   Change the last consonant in the yo form:

   • Examples:

     • Convencer → convenzo

     • Coger → cojo

     • Dirigir → dirijo

3. Verbs ending in vowel + -cer or -cir
   Add zc in the yo form:

   • Examples:

     • Conocer → conozco

     • Producir → produzco

Irregular Verbs in the Present Tense

Ir (to go) - Present Tense Conjugation

Oír (to hear) - Present Tense Conjugation

Ser (to be) - Present Tense Conjugation

Pretérito (Preterite Tense)

AR Verbs

ER/IR Verbs

Spelling Changes in the Preterite Tense

1. Spelling Changes in the Yo Form (for pronunciation):

   • Verbs ending in -car: c changes to qu

     • Example: buscar → busqué

   • Verbs ending in -gar: g changes to gu

     • Example: llegar → llegué

   • Verbs ending in -zar: z changes to c

     • Example: empezar → empecé

   • Verbs ending in -guar: u changes to ü

     • Example: averiguar → averigüé

   • Note: These rules apply to AR verbs as well.

2. Spelling Changes in 3rd Person Singular and Plural (Él/Ella/Usted, Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes)

   • For verbs ending in a vowel + -er/-ir:

     • i changes to y in third person forms.

     • Examples:

       • leer → leyó, leyeron

       • oír → oyó, oyeron

   • For verbs ending in consonant + -er/-ir, there is no spelling change.

     • Examples:

       • dormir → durmió, durmieron

       • mentir → mintió, mintieron

3. AR Verbs Do Not Have Spelling Changes in the Preterite

   • Example: jugar remains regular → jugó, jugaron

4. If an Irregular Stem Ends in 'j', Drop the 'i' in 'ieron'

   • For verbs with an irregular stem that ends in j, the ending changes from ieron to eron in the ellos/ellas/ustedes form.

   • Example:

     • decir → dijeron (not dijieron)

     • traer → trajeron