Ch 18 20
Vocabulary List for Lesson 18
Acute illness: an illness that has severe symptoms, is treated immediately, and is usually short-term.
Chronic illness: a disease or condition that is long-term or long-lasting and requires management of symptoms.
Scabies: contagious skin infection caused by a tiny mite burrowing into the skin, where it lays eggs; causes intense itching and a skin rash that may look like thin burrow tracks.
Shingles: non-contagious skin rash caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which is the same virus that causes chickenpox; causes pain, tingling, itching, and a rash of fluid-filled blisters.
Wound: a type of injury to the skin.
Dermatitis: an inflammation of the skin causing swollen, reddened, irritated, and itchy skin.
Inflammation: swelling.
Arthritis: a general term that refers to inflammation of the joints; causes stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility.
Autoimmune illness: an illness in which the body’s immune system attacks normal tissue in the body.
Osteoarthritis: a common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis.
Rheumatoid arthritis: a type of arthritis in which joints become inflamed, red, swollen, and very painful, resulting in restricted movement and possible deformities.
Osteoporosis: a disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle.
Closed fracture: a broken bone that does not break the skin.
Open fracture: a broken bone that penetrates the skin; also known as a compound fracture.
Partial weight-bearing (PWB): a doctor’s order stating that a person is able to support some body weight on one or both legs.
Non-weight-bearing (NWB): a doctor’s order stating that a person is unable to touch the floor or support any body weight on one or both legs.
Full weight-bearing (FWB): a doctor’s order stating that a person has the ability to support full body weight (100%) on both legs.
Prosthesis: a device that replaces a body part that is missing or deformed because of an accident, injury, illness, or birth defect; used to improve a person’s ability to function and/or his appearance.
Muscular dystrophy: an inherited, progressive disease that causes a gradual wasting of muscle, weakness, and deformity.
Amputation: the removal of some or all of a body part, usually a foot, hand, arm or leg.
Phantom sensation: warmth, itching, or tingling from a body part that has been amputated.
Phantom limb pain: pain in a limb (or extremity) that has been amputated.
Complementary medicine: treatments that are used in addition to the conventional treatments prescribed by a doctor.
Alternative medicine: to practices and treatments used instead of conventional methods.
Parkinson’s disease: a progressive disease that causes the brain to degenerate; causes stooped posture, shuffling gait, pill-rolling, and tremors.
Multiple sclerosis (MS): a progressive disease of the nervous system in which the protective covering for the nerves, spinal cord, and white matter of the brain breaks down over time; without this covering, nerves cannot send messages to and from the brain in a normal way.
Paraplegia: loss of function of the lower body and legs.
Quadriplegia: loss of function of the legs, trunk, and arms.
Epilepsy: an illness of the brain that produces seizures.
Cataracts: a condition in which milky or cloudy spots develop in the eye, causing vision loss.
Glaucoma: a condition in which the fluid inside the eyeball is unable to drain; increased pressure inside the eye causes damage that often leads to blindness.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): a condition in which the macula deteriorates, causing vision loss.
Hypertension (HTN): high blood pressure, measuring 140/90 or higher.
Atherosclerosis: a hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels.
Angina pectoris: chest pain, pressure, or discomfort.
Nitroglycerin: medication that helps to relax the walls of the coronary arteries, allowing them to open and get more blood to the heart; comes in tablet, patch or spray form.
Myocardial infarction (MI): a condition that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen because blood vessels are blocked; also called a heart attack.
Congestive heart failure (CHF): a condition in which the heart is no longer able to pump effectively; blood backs up into the heart instead of circulating.
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD): a disease in which the legs, feet, arms, or hands do not have enough blood circulation due to fatty deposits in the blood vessels that harden over time.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a chronic, incurable lung disease that causes difficulty breathing.
Bronchitis: an irritation and inflammation of the lining of the bronchi.
Emphysema: a chronic disease of the lungs that usually develops as a result of chronic bronchitis and smoking.
Pneumonia: a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection that causes acute inflammation in a portion of lung tissue.
Asthma: a chronic inflammatory disease that causes difficulty with breathing and coughing and wheezing.
Bronchiectasis: condition in which the bronchial tubes are permanently enlarged, causing chronic coughing and thick sputum; may be result of chronic infections and inflammation.
Upper respiratory infection (URI): a bacterial or viral infection of the nose, sinuses, and throat; commonly called a cold.
Lung cancer: the development of abnormal cells or tumors in the lungs.
Tuberculosis (TB): a highly contagious lung disease caused by a bacterium that is carried on mucous droplets suspended in the air.
Diabetes: a condition in which the pancreas does not produce enough or does not properly use insulin.
Insulin: a hormone that converts glucose into energy for the body.
Glucose: natural sugar.
Type 1 diabetes: type of diabetes in which the pancreas does not produce any insulin; is usually diagnosed in children and young adults and will continue throughout a person’s life.
Type 2 diabetes: common form of diabetes in which either the body does not produce enough insulin or the body fails to properly use insulin; typically develops after age 35 and is the milder form of diabetes.
Pre-diabetes: a condition that occurs when a person’s blood glucose levels are above normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
Gestational diabetes: type of diabetes that appears in pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high glucose levels during pregnancy.
Hyperthyroidism: condition in which the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone, causing the cells to burn too much food.
Hypothyroidism: condition in which the thyroid produces too little thyroid hormone, causing the body processes to slow down; weight gain and physical and mental sluggishness result.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): infections caused by sexual contact with infected people; signs and symptoms are not always apparent.
Chlamydia: type of sexually-transmitted infection that is caused by organisms introduced into the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract.
Syphilis: a type of sexually-transmitted infection caused by bacteria; if left untreated, it can cause brain damage, mental illness, and death.
Chancres: open sores.
Gonorrhea: a type of sexually-transmitted infection caused by bacteria; if left untreated, it can cause blindness, joint infection, and sterility in both men and women.
Genital herpes: an incurable type of sexually-transmitted infection that is caused by herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2).
Benign prostatic hypertrophy: a disorder that occurs in men as they age, in which the prostate becomes enlarged and causes pressure on the urethra, leading to frequent urination, dribbling of urine, difficulty in starting the f low of urine, and urinary retention.
Vaginitis: an infection of the vagina that may be caused by a bacteria, protozoa (one-celled animals), or fungus (yeast).
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): the final stage of HIV infection, in which infections, tumors, and central nervous system symptoms appear due to a weakened immune system that is unable to fight infection.
AIDS dementia complex: a group of symptoms, including memory loss, poor coordination, paralysis, and confusion, that appear together in the late stages of AIDS.
Kaposi’s sarcoma: a rare form of skin cancer that appears as purple or red skin lesions.
Opportunistic infections: infections that invade the body when the immune system is weak and unable to defend itself.
Neuropathy: numbness, tingling, and pain in the feet and legs.
Cancer: general term to describe a disease in which abnormal cells grow in an uncontrolled way.
Tumor: a cluster of abnormally-growing cells.
Benign tumors: tumors that are considered non-cancerous.
Malignant tumors: tumors that are considered cancerous.
Mastectomy: the surgical removal of all or part of the breast and sometimes other surrounding
tissue.
Vocabulary List Lesson 20
Mental health: the normal functioning of emotional and intellectual abilities.
Mental illness: a disease that affects a person’s ability to function at a normal level in the family, home, or community; often produces inappropriate behavior.
Situation response: a temporary condition that may be caused by a crisis, temporary changes in the brain, side effects from medications, interactions among medications, or severe change in the environment.
Fallacy: a false belief.
Defense mechanisms: unconscious behaviors used to release tension or cope with stress.
Anxiety: uneasiness or fear, often about a situation or condition.
Phobia: an intense form of anxiety or fear.
Claustrophobia: fear of being in a confined space.
Panic disorder: a disorder in which a person has repeated episodes of intense fear that something bad will occur.
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): an anxiety disorder characterized by obsessive behavior or thoughts.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): an anxiety disorder caused by a traumatic experience.
Apathy: a lack of interest.
Major depressive disorder: a type of depression that causes withdrawal, lack of energy, and loss of interest in activities, as well as other symptoms; also called major depression.
Bipolar disorder: a type of depression that causes a person to swing from periods of deep depression to periods of extreme activity; also called manic-depressive illness.
Schizophrenia: a brain disorder that affects a person’s ability to think and communicate clearly.
Paranoid schizophrenia: a brain disorder that centers mainly on hallucinations and delusions.
Psychotherapy: a method of treating mental illness that involves talking about one’s problems with mental health professionals.
Substance abuse: the repeated use of legal or illegal drugs, cigarettes, or alcohol in a way that is harmful to oneself or others.